step04

Step 04: Ghosts!

In this lesson you will learn how to:

• Create a map (dictionary)
• Generate random numbers
• Use pointers

Overview

Now that we can move our player, it's time to do something about our enemies (ghosts).

We will use the same move mechanic as the player one, the makeMove function, but instead of reading input from the keyboard we will use a simple algorithm: generate a random number between 0 and 3 and assign a direction to each of those values.

If the Ghost hits a wall it doesn't matter, it will just try again on the next iteration.

Task 01: Making Ghosts

Just like we've created a struct to hold our player data, we will create a similar one for ghosts. The only difference is that instead of holding a player global variable in memory we will have a slice of pointers to sprites. That way we can update each ghost's position in a very efficient way.

First, the declaration:

var ghosts []*sprite

Note the * symbol denoting that []*sprite is a slice of pointers to sprite objects.

Next, loading. In the loadMaze function, add a new case to the switch statement for handling G symbols on the map:

for row, line := range maze {
    for col, char := range line {
        switch char {
        case 'P':
            player = sprite{row, col}
        case 'G':
            ghosts = append(ghosts, &sprite{row, col})
        }
    }
}

Please note the ampersand (&) operator. This means that instead of adding a sprite object to the slice we are adding a pointer to it.

Go is a garbage collected language, which means it can automatically de-allocate a piece of memory when it is no longer used. Because of that we can use pointers in a much safer way than, for instance, in C++. We are also not allowed to do math on pointers. In effect, a pointer in Go works almost like a reference.

Now, since we are handling Gs in the loadMaze function we also need to print them in printScreen. Just add the following block after printing the player:

for _, g := range ghosts {
    simpleansi.MoveCursor(g.row, g.col)
    fmt.Print("G")
}

Task 02: A very smart AI

We've mentioned before that we would be using a random number generator to control our ghosts. That sounds way more complex than it actually is. Have a look at the code:

func drawDirection() string {
    dir := rand.Intn(4)
    move := map[int]string{
        0: "UP",
        1: "DOWN",
        2: "RIGHT",
        3: "LEFT",
    }
    return move[dir]
}

The function rand.Intn from the math/rand package generates a random number between the interval [0, n), where n is the parameter given to the function. (Note that the interval is open ended, so n is not included).

We are using a trick to map the integer numbers to the actual movements using a map. A map is a data structure that maps one value to another. I.e., in the case above, the map move maps an integer to a string.

Task 03: Let's add some movement!

Finally, we need a function to process the ghost movement. The moveGhosts function is presented below:

func moveGhosts() {
    for _, g := range ghosts {
        dir := drawDirection()
        g.row, g.col = makeMove(g.row, g.col, dir)
    }
}

Now update the game loop to call moveGhosts:

// game loop
for {
    // update screen
    printScreen()

    // process input
    input, err := readInput()
    if err != nil {
        log.Println("error reading input:", err)
        break
    }

    // process movement
    movePlayer(input)
    moveGhosts()

    // process collisions

    // check game over
    if input == "ESC" {
        break
    }

    // repeat
}

We are done! Now we have ghosts that move! How scary -_-'''

Take me to step 05!