squirrel

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README

Squirrel - fluent SQL generator for Go

import "gopkg.in/Masterminds/squirrel.v1"

or if you prefer using master (which may be arbitrarily ahead of or behind v1):

NOTE: as of Go 1.6, go get correctly clones the Github default branch (which is v1 in this repo).

import "github.com/Masterminds/squirrel"

GoDoc Build Status

_Note: This project has moved from github.com/lann/squirrel to github.com/Masterminds/squirrel. Lann remains the architect of the project, but we're helping him curate.

Squirrel is not an ORM. For an application of Squirrel, check out structable, a table-struct mapper

Squirrel helps you build SQL queries from composable parts:

import sq "github.com/Masterminds/squirrel"

users := sq.Select("*").From("users").Join("emails USING (email_id)")

active := users.Where(sq.Eq{"deleted_at": nil})

sql, args, err := active.ToSql()

sql == "SELECT * FROM users JOIN emails USING (email_id) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL"

sql, args, err := sq.
    Insert("users").Columns("name", "age").
    Values("moe", 13).Values("larry", sq.Expr("? + 5", 12)).
    ToSql()

sql == "INSERT INTO users (name,age) VALUES (?,?),(?,? + 5)"

Squirrel can also execute queries directly:

stooges := users.Where(sq.Eq{"username": []string{"moe", "larry", "curly", "shemp"}})
three_stooges := stooges.Limit(3)
rows, err := three_stooges.RunWith(db).Query()

// Behaves like:
rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username IN (?,?,?,?) LIMIT 3",
                      "moe", "larry", "curly", "shemp")

Squirrel makes conditional query building a breeze:

if len(q) > 0 {
    users = users.Where("name LIKE ?", fmt.Sprint("%", q, "%"))
}

Squirrel wants to make your life easier:

// StmtCache caches Prepared Stmts for you
dbCache := sq.NewStmtCacher(db)

// StatementBuilder keeps your syntax neat
mydb := sq.StatementBuilder.RunWith(dbCache)
select_users := mydb.Select("*").From("users")

Squirrel loves PostgreSQL:

psql := sq.StatementBuilder.PlaceholderFormat(sq.Dollar)

// You use question marks for placeholders...
sql, _, _ := psql.Select("*").From("elephants").Where("name IN (?,?)", "Dumbo", "Verna")

/// ...squirrel replaces them using PlaceholderFormat.
sql == "SELECT * FROM elephants WHERE name IN ($1,$2)"


/// You can retrieve id ...
query := sq.Insert("nodes").
    Columns("uuid", "type", "data").
    Values(node.Uuid, node.Type, node.Data).
    Suffix("RETURNING \"id\"").
    RunWith(m.db).
    PlaceholderFormat(sq.Dollar)

query.QueryRow().Scan(&node.id)

You can escape question mask by inserting two question marks:

SELECT * FROM nodes WHERE meta->'format' ??| array[?,?]

will generate with the Dollar Placeholder:

SELECT * FROM nodes WHERE meta->'format' ?| array[$1,$2]

License

Squirrel is released under the MIT License.

Documentation

Overview

Package squirrel provides a fluent SQL generator.

See https://github.com/lann/squirrel for examples.

Index

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

View Source 
var (
	// Question is a PlaceholderFormat instance that leaves placeholders as
	// question marks.
	Question = questionFormat{}

	// Dollar is a PlaceholderFormat instance that replaces placeholders with
	// dollar-prefixed positional placeholders (e.g. $1, $2, $3).
	Dollar = dollarFormat{}
)
View Source 
var RunnerNotQueryRunner = fmt.Errorf("cannot QueryRow; Runner is not a QueryRower")

RunnerNotQueryRunner is returned by QueryRow if the RunWith value doesn't implement QueryRower.

View Source 
var RunnerNotSet = fmt.Errorf("cannot run; no Runner set (RunWith)")

RunnerNotSet is returned by methods that need a Runner if it isn't set.

View Source 
var StatementBuilder = StatementBuilderType(builder.EmptyBuilder).PlaceholderFormat(Question)

StatementBuilder is a parent builder for other builders, e.g. SelectBuilder.

Functions

func Alias 

func Alias(expr Sqlizer, alias string) aliasExpr

Alias allows to define alias for column in SelectBuilder. Useful when column is defined as complex expression like IF or CASE Ex: 

.Column(Alias(caseStmt, "case_column"))

func ExecWith 

func ExecWith(db Execer, s Sqlizer) (res sql.Result, err error)

ExecWith Execs the SQL returned by s with db.

func Expr 

func Expr(sql string, args ...interface{}) expr

Expr builds value expressions for InsertBuilder and UpdateBuilder.

Ex: 

.Values(Expr("FROM_UNIXTIME(?)", t))

func Placeholders 

func Placeholders(count int) string

Placeholders returns a string with count ? placeholders joined with commas.

func QueryWith 

func QueryWith(db Queryer, s Sqlizer) (rows *sql.Rows, err error)

QueryWith Querys the SQL returned by s with db.

Types

type And 

type And conj

func (And) ToSql 

func (a And) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

type BaseRunner 

type BaseRunner interface {
	Execer
	Queryer
}

BaseRunner groups the Execer and Queryer interfaces.

type CaseBuilder 

type CaseBuilder builder.Builder

CaseBuilder builds SQL CASE construct which could be used as parts of queries.

func Case 

func Case(what ...interface{}) CaseBuilder

Case returns a new CaseBuilder "what" represents case value

func (CaseBuilder) Else 

func (b CaseBuilder) Else(expr interface{}) CaseBuilder

What sets optional "ELSE ..." part for CASE construct

func (CaseBuilder) ToSql 

func (b CaseBuilder) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

ToSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args.

func (CaseBuilder) When 

func (b CaseBuilder) When(when interface{}, then interface{}) CaseBuilder

When adds "WHEN ... THEN ..." part to CASE construct

type DBProxy 

type DBProxy interface {
	Execer
	Queryer
	QueryRower
	Preparer
}

DBProxy groups the Execer, Queryer, QueryRower, and Preparer interfaces.

func NewStmtCacher 

func NewStmtCacher(prep Preparer) DBProxy

NewStmtCacher returns a DBProxy wrapping prep that caches Prepared Stmts.

Stmts are cached based on the string value of their queries.

type DBProxyBeginner 

type DBProxyBeginner interface {
	DBProxy
	Begin() (*sql.Tx, error)
}

func NewStmtCacheProxy 

func NewStmtCacheProxy(db *sql.DB) DBProxyBeginner

type DeleteBuilder 

type DeleteBuilder builder.Builder

DeleteBuilder builds SQL DELETE statements.

func Delete 

func Delete(from string) DeleteBuilder

Delete returns a new DeleteBuilder with the given table name.

See DeleteBuilder.Table.

func (DeleteBuilder) Exec 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Exec() (sql.Result, error)

Exec builds and Execs the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (DeleteBuilder) From 

func (b DeleteBuilder) From(from string) DeleteBuilder

From sets the table to be deleted from.

func (DeleteBuilder) Limit 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Limit(limit uint64) DeleteBuilder

Limit sets a LIMIT clause on the query.

func (DeleteBuilder) Offset 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Offset(offset uint64) DeleteBuilder

Offset sets a OFFSET clause on the query.

func (DeleteBuilder) OrderBy 

func (b DeleteBuilder) OrderBy(orderBys ...string) DeleteBuilder

OrderBy adds ORDER BY expressions to the query.

func (DeleteBuilder) PlaceholderFormat 

func (b DeleteBuilder) PlaceholderFormat(f PlaceholderFormat) DeleteBuilder

PlaceholderFormat sets PlaceholderFormat (e.g. Question or Dollar) for the query.

func (DeleteBuilder) Prefix 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Prefix(sql string, args ...interface{}) DeleteBuilder

Prefix adds an expression to the beginning of the query

func (DeleteBuilder) RunWith 

func (b DeleteBuilder) RunWith(runner BaseRunner) DeleteBuilder

RunWith sets a Runner (like database/sql.DB) to be used with e.g. Exec.

func (DeleteBuilder) Suffix 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Suffix(sql string, args ...interface{}) DeleteBuilder

Suffix adds an expression to the end of the query

func (DeleteBuilder) ToSql 

func (b DeleteBuilder) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

ToSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args.

func (DeleteBuilder) Where 

func (b DeleteBuilder) Where(pred interface{}, args ...interface{}) DeleteBuilder

Where adds WHERE expressions to the query.

See SelectBuilder.Where for more information.

type Eq 

type Eq map[string]interface{}

Eq is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods. Ex: 

.Where(Eq{"id": 1})

func (Eq) ToSql 

func (eq Eq) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type Execer 

type Execer interface {
	Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
}

Execer is the interface that wraps the Exec method.

Exec executes the given query as implemented by database/sql.Exec.

type Gt 

type Gt Lt

Gt is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods. Ex: 

.Where(Gt{"id": 1}) == "id > 1"

func (Gt) ToSql 

func (gt Gt) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type GtOrEq 

type GtOrEq Lt

GtOrEq is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods. Ex: 

.Where(GtOrEq{"id": 1}) == "id >= 1"

func (GtOrEq) ToSql 

func (gtOrEq GtOrEq) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type InsertBuilder 

type InsertBuilder builder.Builder

InsertBuilder builds SQL INSERT statements.

func Insert 

func Insert(into string) InsertBuilder

Insert returns a new InsertBuilder with the given table name.

See InsertBuilder.Into.

func (InsertBuilder) Columns 

func (b InsertBuilder) Columns(columns ...string) InsertBuilder

Columns adds insert columns to the query.

func (InsertBuilder) Exec 

func (b InsertBuilder) Exec() (sql.Result, error)

Exec builds and Execs the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (InsertBuilder) Into 

func (b InsertBuilder) Into(from string) InsertBuilder

Into sets the INTO clause of the query.

func (InsertBuilder) Options 

func (b InsertBuilder) Options(options ...string) InsertBuilder

Options adds keyword options before the INTO clause of the query.

func (InsertBuilder) PlaceholderFormat 

func (b InsertBuilder) PlaceholderFormat(f PlaceholderFormat) InsertBuilder

PlaceholderFormat sets PlaceholderFormat (e.g. Question or Dollar) for the query.

func (InsertBuilder) Prefix 

func (b InsertBuilder) Prefix(sql string, args ...interface{}) InsertBuilder

Prefix adds an expression to the beginning of the query

func (InsertBuilder) Query 

func (b InsertBuilder) Query() (*sql.Rows, error)

Query builds and Querys the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (InsertBuilder) QueryRow 

func (b InsertBuilder) QueryRow() RowScanner

QueryRow builds and QueryRows the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (InsertBuilder) RunWith 

func (b InsertBuilder) RunWith(runner BaseRunner) InsertBuilder

RunWith sets a Runner (like database/sql.DB) to be used with e.g. Exec.

func (InsertBuilder) Scan 

func (b InsertBuilder) Scan(dest ...interface{}) error

Scan is a shortcut for QueryRow().Scan.

func (InsertBuilder) SetMap 

func (b InsertBuilder) SetMap(clauses map[string]interface{}) InsertBuilder

SetMap set columns and values for insert builder from a map of column name and value note that it will reset all previous columns and values was set if any

func (InsertBuilder) Suffix 

func (b InsertBuilder) Suffix(sql string, args ...interface{}) InsertBuilder

Suffix adds an expression to the end of the query

func (InsertBuilder) ToSql 

func (b InsertBuilder) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

ToSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args.

func (InsertBuilder) Values 

func (b InsertBuilder) Values(values ...interface{}) InsertBuilder

Values adds a single row's values to the query.

type Lt 

type Lt map[string]interface{}

Lt is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods. Ex: 

.Where(Lt{"id": 1})

func (Lt) ToSql 

func (lt Lt) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type LtOrEq 

type LtOrEq Lt

LtOrEq is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods. Ex: 

.Where(LtOrEq{"id": 1}) == "id <= 1"

func (LtOrEq) ToSql 

func (ltOrEq LtOrEq) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type NotEq 

type NotEq Eq

NotEq is syntactic sugar for use with Where/Having/Set methods. Ex: 

.Where(NotEq{"id": 1}) == "id <> 1"

func (NotEq) ToSql 

func (neq NotEq) ToSql() (sql string, args []interface{}, err error)

type Or 

type Or conj

func (Or) ToSql 

func (o Or) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

type PlaceholderFormat 

type PlaceholderFormat interface {
	ReplacePlaceholders(sql string) (string, error)
}

PlaceholderFormat is the interface that wraps the ReplacePlaceholders method.

ReplacePlaceholders takes a SQL statement and replaces each question mark placeholder with a (possibly different) SQL placeholder.

type Preparer 

type Preparer interface {
	Prepare(query string) (*sql.Stmt, error)
}

Prepareer is the interface that wraps the Prepare method.

Prepare executes the given query as implemented by database/sql.Prepare.

type QueryRower 

type QueryRower interface {
	QueryRow(query string, args ...interface{}) RowScanner
}

QueryRower is the interface that wraps the QueryRow method.

QueryRow executes the given query as implemented by database/sql.QueryRow.

type Queryer 

type Queryer interface {
	Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error)
}

Queryer is the interface that wraps the Query method.

Query executes the given query as implemented by database/sql.Query.

type Row 

type Row struct {
	RowScanner
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Row wraps database/sql.Row to let squirrel return new errors on Scan.

func (*Row) Scan 

func (r *Row) Scan(dest ...interface{}) error

Scan returns Row.err or calls RowScanner.Scan.

type RowScanner 

type RowScanner interface {
	Scan(...interface{}) error
}

RowScanner is the interface that wraps the Scan method.

Scan behaves like database/sql.Row.Scan.

func QueryRowWith 

func QueryRowWith(db QueryRower, s Sqlizer) RowScanner

QueryRowWith QueryRows the SQL returned by s with db.

type Runner 

type Runner interface {
	Execer
	Queryer
	QueryRower
}

Runner groups the Execer, Queryer, and QueryRower interfaces.

type SelectBuilder 

type SelectBuilder builder.Builder

SelectBuilder builds SQL SELECT statements.

func Select 

func Select(columns ...string) SelectBuilder

Select returns a new SelectBuilder, optionally setting some result columns.

See SelectBuilder.Columns.

func (SelectBuilder) Column 

func (b SelectBuilder) Column(column interface{}, args ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Column adds a result column to the query. Unlike Columns, Column accepts args which will be bound to placeholders in the columns string, for example: 

Column("IF(col IN ("+squirrel.Placeholders(3)+"), 1, 0) as col", 1, 2, 3)

func (SelectBuilder) Columns 

func (b SelectBuilder) Columns(columns ...string) SelectBuilder

Columns adds result columns to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Distinct 

func (b SelectBuilder) Distinct() SelectBuilder

Distinct adds a DISTINCT clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Exec 

func (b SelectBuilder) Exec() (sql.Result, error)

Exec builds and Execs the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (SelectBuilder) From 

func (b SelectBuilder) From(from string) SelectBuilder

From sets the FROM clause of the query.

func (SelectBuilder) FromSelect 

func (b SelectBuilder) FromSelect(from SelectBuilder, alias string) SelectBuilder

FromSelect sets a subquery into the FROM clause of the query.

func (SelectBuilder) GroupBy 

func (b SelectBuilder) GroupBy(groupBys ...string) SelectBuilder

GroupBy adds GROUP BY expressions to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Having 

func (b SelectBuilder) Having(pred interface{}, rest ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Having adds an expression to the HAVING clause of the query.

See Where.

func (SelectBuilder) Join 

func (b SelectBuilder) Join(join string, rest ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Join adds a JOIN clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) JoinClause 

func (b SelectBuilder) JoinClause(pred interface{}, args ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

JoinClause adds a join clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) LeftJoin 

func (b SelectBuilder) LeftJoin(join string, rest ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

LeftJoin adds a LEFT JOIN clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Limit 

func (b SelectBuilder) Limit(limit uint64) SelectBuilder

Limit sets a LIMIT clause on the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Offset 

func (b SelectBuilder) Offset(offset uint64) SelectBuilder

Offset sets a OFFSET clause on the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Options 

func (b SelectBuilder) Options(options ...string) SelectBuilder

Options adds select option to the query

func (SelectBuilder) OrderBy 

func (b SelectBuilder) OrderBy(orderBys ...string) SelectBuilder

OrderBy adds ORDER BY expressions to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) PlaceholderFormat 

func (b SelectBuilder) PlaceholderFormat(f PlaceholderFormat) SelectBuilder

PlaceholderFormat sets PlaceholderFormat (e.g. Question or Dollar) for the query.

func (SelectBuilder) Prefix 

func (b SelectBuilder) Prefix(sql string, args ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Prefix adds an expression to the beginning of the query

func (SelectBuilder) Query 

func (b SelectBuilder) Query() (*sql.Rows, error)

Query builds and Querys the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (SelectBuilder) QueryRow 

func (b SelectBuilder) QueryRow() RowScanner

QueryRow builds and QueryRows the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (SelectBuilder) RightJoin 

func (b SelectBuilder) RightJoin(join string, rest ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

RightJoin adds a RIGHT JOIN clause to the query.

func (SelectBuilder) RunWith 

func (b SelectBuilder) RunWith(runner BaseRunner) SelectBuilder

RunWith sets a Runner (like database/sql.DB) to be used with e.g. Exec.

func (SelectBuilder) Scan 

func (b SelectBuilder) Scan(dest ...interface{}) error

Scan is a shortcut for QueryRow().Scan.

func (SelectBuilder) Suffix 

func (b SelectBuilder) Suffix(sql string, args ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Suffix adds an expression to the end of the query

func (SelectBuilder) ToSql 

func (b SelectBuilder) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

ToSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args.

func (SelectBuilder) Where 

func (b SelectBuilder) Where(pred interface{}, args ...interface{}) SelectBuilder

Where adds an expression to the WHERE clause of the query.

Expressions are ANDed together in the generated SQL.

Where accepts several types for its pred argument:

nil OR "" - ignored.

string - SQL expression. If the expression has SQL placeholders then a set of arguments must be passed as well, one for each placeholder.

map[string]interface{} OR Eq - map of SQL expressions to values. Each key is transformed into an expression like "<key> = ?", with the corresponding value bound to the placeholder. If the value is nil, the expression will be "<key> IS NULL". If the value is an array or slice, the expression will be "<key> IN (?,?,...)", with one placeholder for each item in the value. These expressions are ANDed together.

Where will panic if pred isn't any of the above types.

type Sqlizer 

type Sqlizer interface {
	ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)
}

Sqlizer is the interface that wraps the ToSql method.

ToSql returns a SQL representation of the Sqlizer, along with a slice of args as passed to e.g. database/sql.Exec. It can also return an error.

type StatementBuilderType 

type StatementBuilderType builder.Builder

StatementBuilderType is the type of StatementBuilder.

func (StatementBuilderType) Delete 

func (b StatementBuilderType) Delete(from string) DeleteBuilder

Delete returns a DeleteBuilder for this StatementBuilderType.

func (StatementBuilderType) Insert 

func (b StatementBuilderType) Insert(into string) InsertBuilder

Insert returns a InsertBuilder for this StatementBuilderType.

func (StatementBuilderType) PlaceholderFormat 

func (b StatementBuilderType) PlaceholderFormat(f PlaceholderFormat) StatementBuilderType

PlaceholderFormat sets the PlaceholderFormat field for any child builders.

func (StatementBuilderType) RunWith 

func (b StatementBuilderType) RunWith(runner BaseRunner) StatementBuilderType

RunWith sets the RunWith field for any child builders.

func (StatementBuilderType) Select 

func (b StatementBuilderType) Select(columns ...string) SelectBuilder

Select returns a SelectBuilder for this StatementBuilderType.

func (StatementBuilderType) Update 

func (b StatementBuilderType) Update(table string) UpdateBuilder

Update returns a UpdateBuilder for this StatementBuilderType.

type UpdateBuilder 

type UpdateBuilder builder.Builder

UpdateBuilder builds SQL UPDATE statements.

func Update 

func Update(table string) UpdateBuilder

Update returns a new UpdateBuilder with the given table name.

See UpdateBuilder.Table.

func (UpdateBuilder) Exec 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Exec() (sql.Result, error)

Exec builds and Execs the query with the Runner set by RunWith.

func (UpdateBuilder) Limit 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Limit(limit uint64) UpdateBuilder

Limit sets a LIMIT clause on the query.

func (UpdateBuilder) Offset 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Offset(offset uint64) UpdateBuilder

Offset sets a OFFSET clause on the query.

func (UpdateBuilder) OrderBy 

func (b UpdateBuilder) OrderBy(orderBys ...string) UpdateBuilder

OrderBy adds ORDER BY expressions to the query.

func (UpdateBuilder) PlaceholderFormat 

func (b UpdateBuilder) PlaceholderFormat(f PlaceholderFormat) UpdateBuilder

PlaceholderFormat sets PlaceholderFormat (e.g. Question or Dollar) for the query.

func (UpdateBuilder) Prefix 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Prefix(sql string, args ...interface{}) UpdateBuilder

Prefix adds an expression to the beginning of the query

func (UpdateBuilder) Query 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Query() (*sql.Rows, error)

func (UpdateBuilder) QueryRow 

func (b UpdateBuilder) QueryRow() RowScanner

func (UpdateBuilder) RunWith 

func (b UpdateBuilder) RunWith(runner BaseRunner) UpdateBuilder

RunWith sets a Runner (like database/sql.DB) to be used with e.g. Exec.

func (UpdateBuilder) Scan 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Scan(dest ...interface{}) error

func (UpdateBuilder) Set 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Set(column string, value interface{}) UpdateBuilder

Set adds SET clauses to the query.

func (UpdateBuilder) SetMap 

func (b UpdateBuilder) SetMap(clauses map[string]interface{}) UpdateBuilder

SetMap is a convenience method which calls .Set for each key/value pair in clauses.

func (UpdateBuilder) Suffix 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Suffix(sql string, args ...interface{}) UpdateBuilder

Suffix adds an expression to the end of the query

func (UpdateBuilder) Table 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Table(table string) UpdateBuilder

Table sets the table to be updated.

func (UpdateBuilder) ToSql 

func (b UpdateBuilder) ToSql() (string, []interface{}, error)

ToSql builds the query into a SQL string and bound args.

func (UpdateBuilder) Where 

func (b UpdateBuilder) Where(pred interface{}, args ...interface{}) UpdateBuilder

Where adds WHERE expressions to the query.

See SelectBuilder.Where for more information.

Source Files

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