zerolog

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 Go to latest Published: Feb 1, 2024 License: MIT Imports: 23 Imported by: 17,812

README

Zero Allocation JSON Logger

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The zerolog package provides a fast and simple logger dedicated to JSON output.

Zerolog's API is designed to provide both a great developer experience and stunning performance. Its unique chaining API allows zerolog to write JSON (or CBOR) log events by avoiding allocations and reflection.

Uber's zap library pioneered this approach. Zerolog is taking this concept to the next level with a simpler to use API and even better performance.

To keep the code base and the API simple, zerolog focuses on efficient structured logging only. Pretty logging on the console is made possible using the provided (but inefficient) zerolog.ConsoleWriter.

Pretty Logging Image

Who uses zerolog

Find out who uses zerolog and add your company / project to the list.

Features

Installation

go get -u github.com/rs/zerolog/log

Getting Started

Simple Logging Example

For simple logging, import the global logger package github.com/rs/zerolog/log

package main

import (
    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
)

func main() {
    // UNIX Time is faster and smaller than most timestamps
    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix

    log.Print("hello world")
}

// Output: {"time":1516134303,"level":"debug","message":"hello world"}

Note: By default log writes to os.Stderr Note: The default log level for log.Print is debug

Contextual Logging

zerolog allows data to be added to log messages in the form of key:value pairs. The data added to the message adds "context" about the log event that can be critical for debugging as well as myriad other purposes. An example of this is below:

package main

import (
    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
)

func main() {
    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix

    log.Debug().
        Str("Scale", "833 cents").
        Float64("Interval", 833.09).
        Msg("Fibonacci is everywhere")
    
    log.Debug().
        Str("Name", "Tom").
        Send()
}

// Output: {"level":"debug","Scale":"833 cents","Interval":833.09,"time":1562212768,"message":"Fibonacci is everywhere"}
// Output: {"level":"debug","Name":"Tom","time":1562212768}

You'll note in the above example that when adding contextual fields, the fields are strongly typed. You can find the full list of supported fields here

Leveled Logging
Simple Leveled Logging Example
package main

import (
    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
)

func main() {
    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix

    log.Info().Msg("hello world")
}

// Output: {"time":1516134303,"level":"info","message":"hello world"}

It is very important to note that when using the zerolog chaining API, as shown above (log.Info().Msg("hello world"), the chain must have either the Msg or Msgf method call. If you forget to add either of these, the log will not occur and there is no compile time error to alert you of this.

zerolog allows for logging at the following levels (from highest to lowest):

  • panic (zerolog.PanicLevel, 5)
  • fatal (zerolog.FatalLevel, 4)
  • error (zerolog.ErrorLevel, 3)
  • warn (zerolog.WarnLevel, 2)
  • info (zerolog.InfoLevel, 1)
  • debug (zerolog.DebugLevel, 0)
  • trace (zerolog.TraceLevel, -1)

You can set the Global logging level to any of these options using the SetGlobalLevel function in the zerolog package, passing in one of the given constants above, e.g. zerolog.InfoLevel would be the "info" level. Whichever level is chosen, all logs with a level greater than or equal to that level will be written. To turn off logging entirely, pass the zerolog.Disabled constant.

Setting Global Log Level

This example uses command-line flags to demonstrate various outputs depending on the chosen log level.

package main

import (
    "flag"

    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
)

func main() {
    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
    debug := flag.Bool("debug", false, "sets log level to debug")

    flag.Parse()

    // Default level for this example is info, unless debug flag is present
    zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.InfoLevel)
    if *debug {
        zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.DebugLevel)
    }

    log.Debug().Msg("This message appears only when log level set to Debug")
    log.Info().Msg("This message appears when log level set to Debug or Info")

    if e := log.Debug(); e.Enabled() {
        // Compute log output only if enabled.
        value := "bar"
        e.Str("foo", value).Msg("some debug message")
    }
}

Info Output (no flag)

$ ./logLevelExample
{"time":1516387492,"level":"info","message":"This message appears when log level set to Debug or Info"}

Debug Output (debug flag set)

$ ./logLevelExample -debug
{"time":1516387573,"level":"debug","message":"This message appears only when log level set to Debug"}
{"time":1516387573,"level":"info","message":"This message appears when log level set to Debug or Info"}
{"time":1516387573,"level":"debug","foo":"bar","message":"some debug message"}
Logging without Level or Message

You may choose to log without a specific level by using the Log method. You may also write without a message by setting an empty string in the msg string parameter of the Msg method. Both are demonstrated in the example below.

package main

import (
    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
)

func main() {
    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix

    log.Log().
        Str("foo", "bar").
        Msg("")
}

// Output: {"time":1494567715,"foo":"bar"}
Error Logging

You can log errors using the Err method

package main

import (
	"errors"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
)

func main() {
	zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix

	err := errors.New("seems we have an error here")
	log.Error().Err(err).Msg("")
}

// Output: {"level":"error","error":"seems we have an error here","time":1609085256}

The default field name for errors is error, you can change this by setting zerolog.ErrorFieldName to meet your needs.

Error Logging with Stacktrace

Using github.com/pkg/errors, you can add a formatted stacktrace to your errors.

package main

import (
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/rs/zerolog/pkgerrors"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
)

func main() {
	zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
	zerolog.ErrorStackMarshaler = pkgerrors.MarshalStack

	err := outer()
	log.Error().Stack().Err(err).Msg("")
}

func inner() error {
	return errors.New("seems we have an error here")
}

func middle() error {
	err := inner()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func outer() error {
	err := middle()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

// Output: {"level":"error","stack":[{"func":"inner","line":"20","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"middle","line":"24","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"outer","line":"32","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"main","line":"15","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"main","line":"204","source":"proc.go"},{"func":"goexit","line":"1374","source":"asm_amd64.s"}],"error":"seems we have an error here","time":1609086683}

zerolog.ErrorStackMarshaler must be set in order for the stack to output anything.

Logging Fatal Messages
package main

import (
    "errors"

    "github.com/rs/zerolog"
    "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
)

func main() {
    err := errors.New("A repo man spends his life getting into tense situations")
    service := "myservice"

    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix

    log.Fatal().
        Err(err).
        Str("service", service).
        Msgf("Cannot start %s", service)
}

// Output: {"time":1516133263,"level":"fatal","error":"A repo man spends his life getting into tense situations","service":"myservice","message":"Cannot start myservice"}
//         exit status 1

NOTE: Using Msgf generates one allocation even when the logger is disabled.

Create logger instance to manage different outputs
logger := zerolog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()

logger.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("hello world")

// Output: {"level":"info","time":1494567715,"message":"hello world","foo":"bar"}
Sub-loggers let you chain loggers with additional context
sublogger := log.With().
                 Str("component", "foo").
                 Logger()
sublogger.Info().Msg("hello world")

// Output: {"level":"info","time":1494567715,"message":"hello world","component":"foo"}
Pretty logging

To log a human-friendly, colorized output, use zerolog.ConsoleWriter:

log.Logger = log.Output(zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stderr})

log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello world")

// Output: 3:04PM INF Hello World foo=bar

To customize the configuration and formatting:

output := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stdout, TimeFormat: time.RFC3339}
output.FormatLevel = func(i interface{}) string {
    return strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("| %-6s|", i))
}
output.FormatMessage = func(i interface{}) string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("***%s****", i)
}
output.FormatFieldName = func(i interface{}) string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("%s:", i)
}
output.FormatFieldValue = func(i interface{}) string {
    return strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%s", i))
}

log := zerolog.New(output).With().Timestamp().Logger()

log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello World")

// Output: 2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00 | INFO  | ***Hello World**** foo:BAR
Sub dictionary
log.Info().
    Str("foo", "bar").
    Dict("dict", zerolog.Dict().
        Str("bar", "baz").
        Int("n", 1),
    ).Msg("hello world")

// Output: {"level":"info","time":1494567715,"foo":"bar","dict":{"bar":"baz","n":1},"message":"hello world"}
Customize automatic field names
zerolog.TimestampFieldName = "t"
zerolog.LevelFieldName = "l"
zerolog.MessageFieldName = "m"

log.Info().Msg("hello world")

// Output: {"l":"info","t":1494567715,"m":"hello world"}
Add contextual fields to the global logger
log.Logger = log.With().Str("foo", "bar").Logger()
Add file and line number to log

Equivalent of Llongfile:

log.Logger = log.With().Caller().Logger()
log.Info().Msg("hello world")

// Output: {"level": "info", "message": "hello world", "caller": "/go/src/your_project/some_file:21"}

Equivalent of Lshortfile:

zerolog.CallerMarshalFunc = func(pc uintptr, file string, line int) string {
    short := file
    for i := len(file) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
        if file[i] == '/' {
            short = file[i+1:]
            break
        }
    }
    file = short
    return file + ":" + strconv.Itoa(line)
}
log.Logger = log.With().Caller().Logger()
log.Info().Msg("hello world")

// Output: {"level": "info", "message": "hello world", "caller": "some_file:21"}
Thread-safe, lock-free, non-blocking writer

If your writer might be slow or not thread-safe and you need your log producers to never get slowed down by a slow writer, you can use a diode.Writer as follows:

wr := diode.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 1000, 10*time.Millisecond, func(missed int) {
		fmt.Printf("Logger Dropped %d messages", missed)
	})
log := zerolog.New(wr)
log.Print("test")

You will need to install code.cloudfoundry.org/go-diodes to use this feature.

Log Sampling
sampled := log.Sample(&zerolog.BasicSampler{N: 10})
sampled.Info().Msg("will be logged every 10 messages")

// Output: {"time":1494567715,"level":"info","message":"will be logged every 10 messages"}

More advanced sampling:

// Will let 5 debug messages per period of 1 second.
// Over 5 debug message, 1 every 100 debug messages are logged.
// Other levels are not sampled.
sampled := log.Sample(zerolog.LevelSampler{
    DebugSampler: &zerolog.BurstSampler{
        Burst: 5,
        Period: 1*time.Second,
        NextSampler: &zerolog.BasicSampler{N: 100},
    },
})
sampled.Debug().Msg("hello world")

// Output: {"time":1494567715,"level":"debug","message":"hello world"}
Hooks
type SeverityHook struct{}

func (h SeverityHook) Run(e *zerolog.Event, level zerolog.Level, msg string) {
    if level != zerolog.NoLevel {
        e.Str("severity", level.String())
    }
}

hooked := log.Hook(SeverityHook{})
hooked.Warn().Msg("")

// Output: {"level":"warn","severity":"warn"}
Pass a sub-logger by context
ctx := log.With().Str("component", "module").Logger().WithContext(ctx)

log.Ctx(ctx).Info().Msg("hello world")

// Output: {"component":"module","level":"info","message":"hello world"}
Set as standard logger output
log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
    Str("foo", "bar").
    Logger()

stdlog.SetFlags(0)
stdlog.SetOutput(log)

stdlog.Print("hello world")

// Output: {"foo":"bar","message":"hello world"}
context.Context integration

Go contexts are commonly passed throughout Go code, and this can help you pass your Logger into places it might otherwise be hard to inject. The Logger instance may be attached to Go context (context.Context) using Logger.WithContext(ctx) and extracted from it using zerolog.Ctx(ctx). For example:

func f() {
    logger := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
    ctx := context.Background()

    // Attach the Logger to the context.Context
    ctx = logger.WithContext(ctx)
    someFunc(ctx)
}

func someFunc(ctx context.Context) {
    // Get Logger from the go Context. if it's nil, then
    // `zerolog.DefaultContextLogger` is returned, if
    // `DefaultContextLogger` is nil, then a disabled logger is returned.
    logger := zerolog.Ctx(ctx)
    logger.Info().Msg("Hello")
}

A second form of context.Context integration allows you to pass the current context.Context into the logged event, and retrieve it from hooks. This can be useful to log trace and span IDs or other information stored in the go context, and facilitates the unification of logging and tracing in some systems:

type TracingHook struct{}

func (h TracingHook) Run(e *zerolog.Event, level zerolog.Level, msg string) {
    ctx := e.GetCtx()
    spanId := getSpanIdFromContext(ctx) // as per your tracing framework
    e.Str("span-id", spanId)
}

func f() {
    // Setup the logger
    logger := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
    logger = logger.Hook(TracingHook{})

    ctx := context.Background()
    // Use the Ctx function to make the context available to the hook
    logger.Info().Ctx(ctx).Msg("Hello")
}
Integration with net/http

The github.com/rs/zerolog/hlog package provides some helpers to integrate zerolog with http.Handler.

In this example we use alice to install logger for better readability.

log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
    Timestamp().
    Str("role", "my-service").
    Str("host", host).
    Logger()

c := alice.New()

// Install the logger handler with default output on the console
c = c.Append(hlog.NewHandler(log))

// Install some provided extra handler to set some request's context fields.
// Thanks to that handler, all our logs will come with some prepopulated fields.
c = c.Append(hlog.AccessHandler(func(r *http.Request, status, size int, duration time.Duration) {
    hlog.FromRequest(r).Info().
        Str("method", r.Method).
        Stringer("url", r.URL).
        Int("status", status).
        Int("size", size).
        Dur("duration", duration).
        Msg("")
}))
c = c.Append(hlog.RemoteAddrHandler("ip"))
c = c.Append(hlog.UserAgentHandler("user_agent"))
c = c.Append(hlog.RefererHandler("referer"))
c = c.Append(hlog.RequestIDHandler("req_id", "Request-Id"))

// Here is your final handler
h := c.Then(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // Get the logger from the request's context. You can safely assume it
    // will be always there: if the handler is removed, hlog.FromRequest
    // will return a no-op logger.
    hlog.FromRequest(r).Info().
        Str("user", "current user").
        Str("status", "ok").
        Msg("Something happened")

    // Output: {"level":"info","time":"2001-02-03T04:05:06Z","role":"my-service","host":"local-hostname","req_id":"b4g0l5t6tfid6dtrapu0","user":"current user","status":"ok","message":"Something happened"}
}))
http.Handle("/", h)

if err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil); err != nil {
    log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("Startup failed")
}

Multiple Log Output

zerolog.MultiLevelWriter may be used to send the log message to multiple outputs. In this example, we send the log message to both os.Stdout and the in-built ConsoleWriter.

func main() {
	consoleWriter := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stdout}

	multi := zerolog.MultiLevelWriter(consoleWriter, os.Stdout)

	logger := zerolog.New(multi).With().Timestamp().Logger()

	logger.Info().Msg("Hello World!")
}

// Output (Line 1: Console; Line 2: Stdout)
// 12:36PM INF Hello World!
// {"level":"info","time":"2019-11-07T12:36:38+03:00","message":"Hello World!"}

Global Settings

Some settings can be changed and will be applied to all loggers:

  • log.Logger: You can set this value to customize the global logger (the one used by package level methods).
  • zerolog.SetGlobalLevel: Can raise the minimum level of all loggers. Call this with zerolog.Disabled to disable logging altogether (quiet mode).
  • zerolog.DisableSampling: If argument is true, all sampled loggers will stop sampling and issue 100% of their log events.
  • zerolog.TimestampFieldName: Can be set to customize Timestamp field name.
  • zerolog.LevelFieldName: Can be set to customize level field name.
  • zerolog.MessageFieldName: Can be set to customize message field name.
  • zerolog.ErrorFieldName: Can be set to customize Err field name.
  • zerolog.TimeFieldFormat: Can be set to customize Time field value formatting. If set with zerolog.TimeFormatUnix, zerolog.TimeFormatUnixMs or zerolog.TimeFormatUnixMicro, times are formated as UNIX timestamp.
  • zerolog.DurationFieldUnit: Can be set to customize the unit for time.Duration type fields added by Dur (default: time.Millisecond).
  • zerolog.DurationFieldInteger: If set to true, Dur fields are formatted as integers instead of floats (default: false).
  • zerolog.ErrorHandler: Called whenever zerolog fails to write an event on its output. If not set, an error is printed on the stderr. This handler must be thread safe and non-blocking.

Field Types

Standard Types
  • Str
  • Bool
  • Int, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64
  • Uint, Uint8, Uint16, Uint32, Uint64
  • Float32, Float64
Advanced Fields
  • Err: Takes an error and renders it as a string using the zerolog.ErrorFieldName field name.
  • Func: Run a func only if the level is enabled.
  • Timestamp: Inserts a timestamp field with zerolog.TimestampFieldName field name, formatted using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.
  • Time: Adds a field with time formatted with zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.
  • Dur: Adds a field with time.Duration.
  • Dict: Adds a sub-key/value as a field of the event.
  • RawJSON: Adds a field with an already encoded JSON ([]byte)
  • Hex: Adds a field with value formatted as a hexadecimal string ([]byte)
  • Interface: Uses reflection to marshal the type.

Most fields are also available in the slice format (Strs for []string, Errs for []error etc.)

Binary Encoding

In addition to the default JSON encoding, zerolog can produce binary logs using CBOR encoding. The choice of encoding can be decided at compile time using the build tag binary_log as follows:

go build -tags binary_log .

To Decode binary encoded log files you can use any CBOR decoder. One has been tested to work with zerolog library is CSD.

  • grpc-zerolog: Implementation of grpclog.LoggerV2 interface using zerolog
  • overlog: Implementation of Mapped Diagnostic Context interface using zerolog
  • zerologr: Implementation of logr.LogSink interface using zerolog

Benchmarks

See logbench for more comprehensive and up-to-date benchmarks.

All operations are allocation free (those numbers include JSON encoding):

BenchmarkLogEmpty-8        100000000    19.1 ns/op     0 B/op       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkDisabled-8        500000000    4.07 ns/op     0 B/op       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkInfo-8            30000000     42.5 ns/op     0 B/op       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkContextFields-8   30000000     44.9 ns/op     0 B/op       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkLogFields-8       10000000     184 ns/op      0 B/op       0 allocs/op

There are a few Go logging benchmarks and comparisons that include zerolog.

Using Uber's zap comparison benchmark:

Log a message and 10 fields:

Library Time Bytes Allocated Objects Allocated
zerolog 767 ns/op 552 B/op 6 allocs/op
⚡ zap 848 ns/op 704 B/op 2 allocs/op
⚡ zap (sugared) 1363 ns/op 1610 B/op 20 allocs/op
go-kit 3614 ns/op 2895 B/op 66 allocs/op
lion 5392 ns/op 5807 B/op 63 allocs/op
logrus 5661 ns/op 6092 B/op 78 allocs/op
apex/log 15332 ns/op 3832 B/op 65 allocs/op
log15 20657 ns/op 5632 B/op 93 allocs/op

Log a message with a logger that already has 10 fields of context:

Library Time Bytes Allocated Objects Allocated
zerolog 52 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
⚡ zap 283 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
⚡ zap (sugared) 337 ns/op 80 B/op 2 allocs/op
lion 2702 ns/op 4074 B/op 38 allocs/op
go-kit 3378 ns/op 3046 B/op 52 allocs/op
logrus 4309 ns/op 4564 B/op 63 allocs/op
apex/log 13456 ns/op 2898 B/op 51 allocs/op
log15 14179 ns/op 2642 B/op 44 allocs/op

Log a static string, without any context or printf-style templating:

Library Time Bytes Allocated Objects Allocated
zerolog 50 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
⚡ zap 236 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
standard library 453 ns/op 80 B/op 2 allocs/op
⚡ zap (sugared) 337 ns/op 80 B/op 2 allocs/op
go-kit 508 ns/op 656 B/op 13 allocs/op
lion 771 ns/op 1224 B/op 10 allocs/op
logrus 1244 ns/op 1505 B/op 27 allocs/op
apex/log 2751 ns/op 584 B/op 11 allocs/op
log15 5181 ns/op 1592 B/op 26 allocs/op

Caveats

Field duplication

Note that zerolog does no de-duplication of fields. Using the same key multiple times creates multiple keys in final JSON:

logger := zerolog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
logger.Info().
       Timestamp().
       Msg("dup")
// Output: {"level":"info","time":1494567715,"time":1494567715,"message":"dup"}

In this case, many consumers will take the last value, but this is not guaranteed; check yours if in doubt.

Concurrency safety

Be careful when calling UpdateContext. It is not concurrency safe. Use the With method to create a child logger:

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // Create a child logger for concurrency safety
    logger := log.Logger.With().Logger()

    // Add context fields, for example User-Agent from HTTP headers
    logger.UpdateContext(func(c zerolog.Context) zerolog.Context {
        ...
    })
}

Documentation

Overview

Package zerolog provides a lightweight logging library dedicated to JSON logging.

A global Logger can be use for simple logging: 

import "github.com/rs/zerolog/log"

log.Info().Msg("hello world")
// Output: {"time":1494567715,"level":"info","message":"hello world"}

NOTE: To import the global logger, import the "log" subpackage "github.com/rs/zerolog/log".

Fields can be added to log messages: 

log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("hello world")
// Output: {"time":1494567715,"level":"info","message":"hello world","foo":"bar"}

Create logger instance to manage different outputs: 

logger := zerolog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
logger.Info().
       Str("foo", "bar").
       Msg("hello world")
// Output: {"time":1494567715,"level":"info","message":"hello world","foo":"bar"}

Sub-loggers let you chain loggers with additional context: 

sublogger := log.With().Str("component": "foo").Logger()
sublogger.Info().Msg("hello world")
// Output: {"time":1494567715,"level":"info","message":"hello world","component":"foo"}

Level logging 

zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.InfoLevel)

log.Debug().Msg("filtered out message")
log.Info().Msg("routed message")

if e := log.Debug(); e.Enabled() {
    // Compute log output only if enabled.
    value := compute()
    e.Str("foo": value).Msg("some debug message")
}
// Output: {"level":"info","time":1494567715,"routed message"}

Customize automatic field names: 

log.TimestampFieldName = "t"
log.LevelFieldName = "p"
log.MessageFieldName = "m"

log.Info().Msg("hello world")
// Output: {"t":1494567715,"p":"info","m":"hello world"}

Log with no level and message: 

log.Log().Str("foo","bar").Msg("")
// Output: {"time":1494567715,"foo":"bar"}

Add contextual fields to global Logger: 

log.Logger = log.With().Str("foo", "bar").Logger()

Sample logs: 

sampled := log.Sample(&zerolog.BasicSampler{N: 10})
sampled.Info().Msg("will be logged every 10 messages")

Log with contextual hooks: 

// Create the hook:
type SeverityHook struct{}

func (h SeverityHook) Run(e *zerolog.Event, level zerolog.Level, msg string) {
     if level != zerolog.NoLevel {
         e.Str("severity", level.String())
     }
}

// And use it:
var h SeverityHook
log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).Hook(h)
log.Warn().Msg("")
// Output: {"level":"warn","severity":"warn"}

Caveats

Field duplication:

There is no fields deduplication out-of-the-box. Using the same key multiple times creates new key in final JSON each time. 

logger := zerolog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
logger.Info().
       Timestamp().
       Msg("dup")
// Output: {"level":"info","time":1494567715,"time":1494567715,"message":"dup"}

In this case, many consumers will take the last value, but this is not guaranteed; check yours if in doubt.

Concurrency safety:

Be careful when calling UpdateContext. It is not concurrency safe. Use the With method to create a child logger: 

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // Create a child logger for concurrency safety
    logger := log.Logger.With().Logger()

    // Add context fields, for example User-Agent from HTTP headers
    logger.UpdateContext(func(c zerolog.Context) zerolog.Context {
        ...
    })
}

Index

Examples

Constants

View Source 
const (
	// TimeFormatUnix defines a time format that makes time fields to be
	// serialized as Unix timestamp integers.
	TimeFormatUnix = ""

	// TimeFormatUnixMs defines a time format that makes time fields to be
	// serialized as Unix timestamp integers in milliseconds.
	TimeFormatUnixMs = "UNIXMS"

	// TimeFormatUnixMicro defines a time format that makes time fields to be
	// serialized as Unix timestamp integers in microseconds.
	TimeFormatUnixMicro = "UNIXMICRO"

	// TimeFormatUnixNano defines a time format that makes time fields to be
	// serialized as Unix timestamp integers in nanoseconds.
	TimeFormatUnixNano = "UNIXNANO"
)

Variables

View Source 
var (
	// TimestampFieldName is the field name used for the timestamp field.
	TimestampFieldName = "time"

	// LevelFieldName is the field name used for the level field.
	LevelFieldName = "level"

	// LevelTraceValue is the value used for the trace level field.
	LevelTraceValue = "trace"
	// LevelDebugValue is the value used for the debug level field.
	LevelDebugValue = "debug"
	// LevelInfoValue is the value used for the info level field.
	LevelInfoValue = "info"
	// LevelWarnValue is the value used for the warn level field.
	LevelWarnValue = "warn"
	// LevelErrorValue is the value used for the error level field.
	LevelErrorValue = "error"
	// LevelFatalValue is the value used for the fatal level field.
	LevelFatalValue = "fatal"
	// LevelPanicValue is the value used for the panic level field.
	LevelPanicValue = "panic"

	// LevelFieldMarshalFunc allows customization of global level field marshaling.
	LevelFieldMarshalFunc = func(l Level) string {
		return l.String()
	}

	// MessageFieldName is the field name used for the message field.
	MessageFieldName = "message"

	// ErrorFieldName is the field name used for error fields.
	ErrorFieldName = "error"

	// CallerFieldName is the field name used for caller field.
	CallerFieldName = "caller"

	// CallerSkipFrameCount is the number of stack frames to skip to find the caller.
	CallerSkipFrameCount = 2

	// CallerMarshalFunc allows customization of global caller marshaling
	CallerMarshalFunc = func(pc uintptr, file string, line int) string {
		return file + ":" + strconv.Itoa(line)
	}

	// ErrorStackFieldName is the field name used for error stacks.
	ErrorStackFieldName = "stack"

	// ErrorStackMarshaler extract the stack from err if any.
	ErrorStackMarshaler func(err error) interface{}

	// ErrorMarshalFunc allows customization of global error marshaling
	ErrorMarshalFunc = func(err error) interface{} {
		return err
	}

	// InterfaceMarshalFunc allows customization of interface marshaling.
	// Default: "encoding/json.Marshal"
	InterfaceMarshalFunc = json.Marshal

	// TimeFieldFormat defines the time format of the Time field type. If set to
	// TimeFormatUnix, TimeFormatUnixMs, TimeFormatUnixMicro or TimeFormatUnixNano, the time is formatted as a UNIX
	// timestamp as integer.
	TimeFieldFormat = time.RFC3339

	// TimestampFunc defines the function called to generate a timestamp.
	TimestampFunc = time.Now

	// DurationFieldUnit defines the unit for time.Duration type fields added
	// using the Dur method.
	DurationFieldUnit = time.Millisecond

	// DurationFieldInteger renders Dur fields as integer instead of float if
	// set to true.
	DurationFieldInteger = false

	// ErrorHandler is called whenever zerolog fails to write an event on its
	// output. If not set, an error is printed on the stderr. This handler must
	// be thread safe and non-blocking.
	ErrorHandler func(err error)

	// DefaultContextLogger is returned from Ctx() if there is no logger associated
	// with the context.
	DefaultContextLogger *Logger

	// LevelColors are used by ConsoleWriter's consoleDefaultFormatLevel to color
	// log levels.
	LevelColors = map[Level]int{
		TraceLevel: colorBlue,
		DebugLevel: 0,
		InfoLevel:  colorGreen,
		WarnLevel:  colorYellow,
		ErrorLevel: colorRed,
		FatalLevel: colorRed,
		PanicLevel: colorRed,
	}

	// FormattedLevels are used by ConsoleWriter's consoleDefaultFormatLevel
	// for a short level name.
	FormattedLevels = map[Level]string{
		TraceLevel: "TRC",
		DebugLevel: "DBG",
		InfoLevel:  "INF",
		WarnLevel:  "WRN",
		ErrorLevel: "ERR",
		FatalLevel: "FTL",
		PanicLevel: "PNC",
	}

	// TriggerLevelWriterBufferReuseLimit is a limit in bytes that a buffer is dropped
	// from the TriggerLevelWriter buffer pool if the buffer grows above the limit.
	TriggerLevelWriterBufferReuseLimit = 64 * 1024
)
View Source 
var (
	// Often samples log every ~ 10 events.
	Often = RandomSampler(10)
	// Sometimes samples log every ~ 100 events.
	Sometimes = RandomSampler(100)
	// Rarely samples log every ~ 1000 events.
	Rarely = RandomSampler(1000)
)

Functions

func ConsoleTestWriter added in v1.26.0 

func ConsoleTestWriter(t TestingLog) func(w *ConsoleWriter)

ConsoleTestWriter creates an option that correctly sets the file frame depth for testing.TB log.

func DisableSampling 

func DisableSampling(v bool)

DisableSampling will disable sampling in all Loggers if true.

func SetGlobalLevel 

func SetGlobalLevel(l Level)

SetGlobalLevel sets the global override for log level. If this values is raised, all Loggers will use at least this value.

To globally disable logs, set GlobalLevel to Disabled.

func SyncWriter 

func SyncWriter(w io.Writer) io.Writer

SyncWriter wraps w so that each call to Write is synchronized with a mutex. This syncer can be used to wrap the call to writer's Write method if it is not thread safe. Note that you do not need this wrapper for os.File Write operations on POSIX and Windows systems as they are already thread-safe.

Types

type Array added in v1.1.0 

type Array struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Array is used to prepopulate an array of items which can be re-used to add to log messages.

func Arr added in v1.1.0 

func Arr() *Array

Arr creates an array to be added to an Event or Context.

func (*Array) Bool added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Bool(b bool) *Array

Bool appends the val as a bool to the array.

func (*Array) Bytes added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Bytes(val []byte) *Array

Bytes appends the val as a string to the array.

func (*Array) Dict added in v1.26.0 

func (a *Array) Dict(dict *Event) *Array

Dict adds the dict Event to the array

func (*Array) Dur added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Dur(d time.Duration) *Array

Dur appends d to the array.

func (*Array) Err added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Err(err error) *Array

Err serializes and appends the err to the array.

func (*Array) Float32 added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Float32(f float32) *Array

Float32 appends f as a float32 to the array.

func (*Array) Float64 added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Float64(f float64) *Array

Float64 appends f as a float64 to the array.

func (*Array) Hex added in v1.6.0 

func (a *Array) Hex(val []byte) *Array

Hex appends the val as a hex string to the array.

func (*Array) IPAddr added in v1.7.0 

func (a *Array) IPAddr(ip net.IP) *Array

IPAddr adds IPv4 or IPv6 address to the array

func (*Array) IPPrefix added in v1.7.0 

func (a *Array) IPPrefix(pfx net.IPNet) *Array

IPPrefix adds IPv4 or IPv6 Prefix (IP + mask) to the array

func (*Array) Int added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Int(i int) *Array

Int appends i as a int to the array.

func (*Array) Int16 added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Int16(i int16) *Array

Int16 appends i as a int16 to the array.

func (*Array) Int32 added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Int32(i int32) *Array

Int32 appends i as a int32 to the array.

func (*Array) Int64 added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Int64(i int64) *Array

Int64 appends i as a int64 to the array.

func (*Array) Int8 added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Int8(i int8) *Array

Int8 appends i as a int8 to the array.

func (*Array) Interface added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Interface(i interface{}) *Array

Interface appends i marshaled using reflection.

func (*Array) MACAddr added in v1.7.0 

func (a *Array) MACAddr(ha net.HardwareAddr) *Array

MACAddr adds a MAC (Ethernet) address to the array

func (*Array) MarshalZerologArray added in v1.1.0 

func (*Array) MarshalZerologArray(*Array)

MarshalZerologArray method here is no-op - since data is already in the needed format.

func (*Array) Object added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Object(obj LogObjectMarshaler) *Array

Object marshals an object that implement the LogObjectMarshaler interface and appends it to the array.

func (*Array) RawJSON added in v1.17.0 

func (a *Array) RawJSON(val []byte) *Array

RawJSON adds already encoded JSON to the array.

func (*Array) Str added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Str(val string) *Array

Str appends the val as a string to the array.

func (*Array) Time added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Time(t time.Time) *Array

Time appends t formatted as string using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.

func (*Array) Uint added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Uint(i uint) *Array

Uint appends i as a uint to the array.

func (*Array) Uint16 added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Uint16(i uint16) *Array

Uint16 appends i as a uint16 to the array.

func (*Array) Uint32 added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Uint32(i uint32) *Array

Uint32 appends i as a uint32 to the array.

func (*Array) Uint64 added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Uint64(i uint64) *Array

Uint64 appends i as a uint64 to the array.

func (*Array) Uint8 added in v1.1.0 

func (a *Array) Uint8(i uint8) *Array

Uint8 appends i as a uint8 to the array.

type BasicSampler added in v1.3.0 

type BasicSampler struct {
	N uint32
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

BasicSampler is a sampler that will send every Nth events, regardless of their level.

func (*BasicSampler) Sample added in v1.3.0 

func (s *BasicSampler) Sample(lvl Level) bool

Sample implements the Sampler interface.

type BurstSampler added in v1.3.0 

type BurstSampler struct {
	// Burst is the maximum number of event per period allowed before calling
	// NextSampler.
	Burst uint32
	// Period defines the burst period. If 0, NextSampler is always called.
	Period time.Duration
	// NextSampler is the sampler used after the burst is reached. If nil,
	// events are always rejected after the burst.
	NextSampler Sampler
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

BurstSampler lets Burst events pass per Period then pass the decision to NextSampler. If Sampler is not set, all subsequent events are rejected.

func (*BurstSampler) Sample added in v1.3.0 

func (s *BurstSampler) Sample(lvl Level) bool

Sample implements the Sampler interface.

type ConsoleWriter added in v1.2.1 

type ConsoleWriter struct {
	// Out is the output destination.
	Out io.Writer

	// NoColor disables the colorized output.
	NoColor bool

	// TimeFormat specifies the format for timestamp in output.
	TimeFormat string

	// PartsOrder defines the order of parts in output.
	PartsOrder []string

	// PartsExclude defines parts to not display in output.
	PartsExclude []string

	// FieldsExclude defines contextual fields to not display in output.
	FieldsExclude []string

	FormatTimestamp     Formatter
	FormatLevel         Formatter
	FormatCaller        Formatter
	FormatMessage       Formatter
	FormatFieldName     Formatter
	FormatFieldValue    Formatter
	FormatErrFieldName  Formatter
	FormatErrFieldValue Formatter

	FormatExtra func(map[string]interface{}, *bytes.Buffer) error

	FormatPrepare func(map[string]interface{}) error
}

ConsoleWriter parses the JSON input and writes it in an (optionally) colorized, human-friendly format to Out.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stdout, NoColor: true})

	log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello World")
}

Output:

<nil> INF Hello World foo=bar
Example (CustomFormatters) 
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strings"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	out := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stdout, NoColor: true}
	out.FormatLevel = func(i interface{}) string { return strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%-6s|", i)) }
	out.FormatFieldName = func(i interface{}) string { return fmt.Sprintf("%s:", i) }
	out.FormatFieldValue = func(i interface{}) string { return strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%s", i)) }
	log := zerolog.New(out)

	log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello World")
}

Output:

<nil> INFO  | Hello World foo:BAR

func NewConsoleWriter added in v1.10.1 

func NewConsoleWriter(options ...func(w *ConsoleWriter)) ConsoleWriter

NewConsoleWriter creates and initializes a new ConsoleWriter.

Example 
package main

import (
	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	out := zerolog.NewConsoleWriter()
	out.NoColor = true // For testing purposes only
	log := zerolog.New(out)

	log.Debug().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello World")
}

Output:

<nil> DBG Hello World foo=bar
Example (CustomFormatters) 
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	out := zerolog.NewConsoleWriter(
		func(w *zerolog.ConsoleWriter) {
			// Customize time format
			w.TimeFormat = time.RFC822
			// Customize level formatting
			w.FormatLevel = func(i interface{}) string { return strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("[%-5s]", i)) }
		},
	)
	out.NoColor = true // For testing purposes only

	log := zerolog.New(out)

	log.Info().Str("foo", "bar").Msg("Hello World")
}

Output:

<nil> [INFO ] Hello World foo=bar

func (ConsoleWriter) Close added in v1.32.0 

func (w ConsoleWriter) Close() error

Call the underlying writer's Close method if it is an io.Closer. Otherwise does nothing.

func (ConsoleWriter) Write added in v1.2.1 

func (w ConsoleWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error)

Write transforms the JSON input with formatters and appends to w.Out.

type Context 

type Context struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Context configures a new sub-logger with contextual fields.

func (Context) AnErr 

func (c Context) AnErr(key string, err error) Context

AnErr adds the field key with serialized err to the logger context.

func (Context) Any added in v1.31.0 

func (c Context) Any(key string, i interface{}) Context

Any is a wrapper around Context.Interface.

func (Context) Array added in v1.1.0 

func (c Context) Array(key string, arr LogArrayMarshaler) Context

Array adds the field key with an array to the event context. Use zerolog.Arr() to create the array or pass a type that implement the LogArrayMarshaler interface.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Array("array", zerolog.Arr().
			Str("baz").
			Int(1),
		).Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","array":["baz",1],"message":"hello world"}
Example (Object) 
package main

import (
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

type User struct {
	Name    string
	Age     int
	Created time.Time
}

func (u User) MarshalZerologObject(e *zerolog.Event) {
	e.Str("name", u.Name).
		Int("age", u.Age).
		Time("created", u.Created)
}

type Users []User

func (uu Users) MarshalZerologArray(a *zerolog.Array) {
	for _, u := range uu {
		a.Object(u)
	}
}

func main() {
	// Users implements zerolog.LogArrayMarshaler
	u := Users{
		User{"John", 35, time.Time{}},
		User{"Bob", 55, time.Time{}},
	}

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Array("users", u).
		Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","users":[{"name":"John","age":35,"created":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},{"name":"Bob","age":55,"created":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}],"message":"hello world"}

func (Context) Bool 

func (c Context) Bool(key string, b bool) Context

Bool adds the field key with val as a bool to the logger context.

func (Context) Bools added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Bools(key string, b []bool) Context

Bools adds the field key with val as a []bool to the logger context.

func (Context) Bytes added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Bytes(key string, val []byte) Context

Bytes adds the field key with val as a []byte to the logger context.

func (Context) Caller added in v1.5.0 

func (c Context) Caller() Context

Caller adds the file:line of the caller with the zerolog.CallerFieldName key.

func (Context) CallerWithSkipFrameCount added in v1.13.0 

func (c Context) CallerWithSkipFrameCount(skipFrameCount int) Context

CallerWithSkipFrameCount adds the file:line of the caller with the zerolog.CallerFieldName key. The specified skipFrameCount int will override the global CallerSkipFrameCount for this context's respective logger. If set to -1 the global CallerSkipFrameCount will be used.

func (Context) Ctx added in v1.30.0 

func (c Context) Ctx(ctx context.Context) Context

Ctx adds the context.Context to the logger context. The context.Context is not rendered in the error message, but is made available for hooks to use. A typical use case is to extract tracing information from the context.Context.

func (Context) Dict 

func (c Context) Dict(key string, dict *Event) Context

Dict adds the field key with the dict to the logger context.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Dict("dict", zerolog.Dict().
			Str("bar", "baz").
			Int("n", 1),
		).Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","dict":{"bar":"baz","n":1},"message":"hello world"}

func (Context) Dur 

func (c Context) Dur(key string, d time.Duration) Context

Dur adds the fields key with d divided by unit and stored as a float.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	d := 10 * time.Second

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Dur("dur", d).
		Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","dur":10000,"message":"hello world"}

func (Context) Durs added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Durs(key string, d []time.Duration) Context

Durs adds the fields key with d divided by unit and stored as a float.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	d := []time.Duration{
		10 * time.Second,
		20 * time.Second,
	}

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Durs("durs", d).
		Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","durs":[10000,20000],"message":"hello world"}

func (Context) EmbedObject added in v1.7.0 

func (c Context) EmbedObject(obj LogObjectMarshaler) Context

EmbedObject marshals and Embeds an object that implement the LogObjectMarshaler interface.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

type Price struct {
	val  uint64
	prec int
	unit string
}

func (p Price) MarshalZerologObject(e *zerolog.Event) {
	denom := uint64(1)
	for i := 0; i < p.prec; i++ {
		denom *= 10
	}
	result := []byte(p.unit)
	result = append(result, fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d", p.val/denom, p.val%denom)...)
	e.Str("price", string(result))
}

func main() {

	price := Price{val: 6449, prec: 2, unit: "$"}

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		EmbedObject(price).
		Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","price":"$64.49","message":"hello world"}

func (Context) Err 

func (c Context) Err(err error) Context

Err adds the field "error" with serialized err to the logger context.

func (Context) Errs added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Errs(key string, errs []error) Context

Errs adds the field key with errs as an array of serialized errors to the logger context.

func (Context) Fields added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Fields(fields interface{}) Context

Fields is a helper function to use a map or slice to set fields using type assertion. Only map[string]interface{} and []interface{} are accepted. []interface{} must alternate string keys and arbitrary values, and extraneous ones are ignored.

Example (Map) 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	fields := map[string]interface{}{
		"bar": "baz",
		"n":   1,
	}

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Fields(fields).
		Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}
Example (Slice) 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	fields := []interface{}{
		"bar", "baz",
		"n", 1,
	}

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Fields(fields).
		Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}

func (Context) Float32 

func (c Context) Float32(key string, f float32) Context

Float32 adds the field key with f as a float32 to the logger context.

func (Context) Float64 

func (c Context) Float64(key string, f float64) Context

Float64 adds the field key with f as a float64 to the logger context.

func (Context) Floats32 added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Floats32(key string, f []float32) Context

Floats32 adds the field key with f as a []float32 to the logger context.

func (Context) Floats64 added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Floats64(key string, f []float64) Context

Floats64 adds the field key with f as a []float64 to the logger context.

func (Context) Hex added in v1.6.0 

func (c Context) Hex(key string, val []byte) Context

Hex adds the field key with val as a hex string to the logger context.

func (Context) IPAddr added in v1.7.0 

func (c Context) IPAddr(key string, ip net.IP) Context

IPAddr adds IPv4 or IPv6 Address to the context

Example 
package main

import (
	"net"
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	hostIP := net.IP{192, 168, 0, 100}
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		IPAddr("HostIP", hostIP).
		Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"HostIP":"192.168.0.100","message":"hello world"}

func (Context) IPPrefix added in v1.7.0 

func (c Context) IPPrefix(key string, pfx net.IPNet) Context

IPPrefix adds IPv4 or IPv6 Prefix (address and mask) to the context

Example 
package main

import (
	"net"
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	route := net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{192, 168, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(24, 32)}
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		IPPrefix("Route", route).
		Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"Route":"192.168.0.0/24","message":"hello world"}

func (Context) Int 

func (c Context) Int(key string, i int) Context

Int adds the field key with i as a int to the logger context.

func (Context) Int16 

func (c Context) Int16(key string, i int16) Context

Int16 adds the field key with i as a int16 to the logger context.

func (Context) Int32 

func (c Context) Int32(key string, i int32) Context

Int32 adds the field key with i as a int32 to the logger context.

func (Context) Int64 

func (c Context) Int64(key string, i int64) Context

Int64 adds the field key with i as a int64 to the logger context.

func (Context) Int8 

func (c Context) Int8(key string, i int8) Context

Int8 adds the field key with i as a int8 to the logger context.

func (Context) Interface 

func (c Context) Interface(key string, i interface{}) Context

Interface adds the field key with obj marshaled using reflection.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	obj := struct {
		Name string `json:"name"`
	}{
		Name: "john",
	}

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Interface("obj", obj).
		Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","obj":{"name":"john"},"message":"hello world"}

func (Context) Ints added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Ints(key string, i []int) Context

Ints adds the field key with i as a []int to the logger context.

func (Context) Ints16 added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Ints16(key string, i []int16) Context

Ints16 adds the field key with i as a []int16 to the logger context.

func (Context) Ints32 added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Ints32(key string, i []int32) Context

Ints32 adds the field key with i as a []int32 to the logger context.

func (Context) Ints64 added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Ints64(key string, i []int64) Context

Ints64 adds the field key with i as a []int64 to the logger context.

func (Context) Ints8 added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Ints8(key string, i []int8) Context

Ints8 adds the field key with i as a []int8 to the logger context.

func (Context) Logger 

func (c Context) Logger() Logger

Logger returns the logger with the context previously set.

func (Context) MACAddr added in v1.7.0 

func (c Context) MACAddr(key string, ha net.HardwareAddr) Context

MACAddr adds MAC address to the context

Example 
package main

import (
	"net"
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	mac := net.HardwareAddr{0x00, 0x14, 0x22, 0x01, 0x23, 0x45}
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		MACAddr("hostMAC", mac).
		Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"hostMAC":"00:14:22:01:23:45","message":"hello world"}

func (Context) Object added in v1.0.3 

func (c Context) Object(key string, obj LogObjectMarshaler) Context

Object marshals an object that implement the LogObjectMarshaler interface.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

type User struct {
	Name    string
	Age     int
	Created time.Time
}

func (u User) MarshalZerologObject(e *zerolog.Event) {
	e.Str("name", u.Name).
		Int("age", u.Age).
		Time("created", u.Created)
}

func main() {
	// User implements zerolog.LogObjectMarshaler
	u := User{"John", 35, time.Time{}}

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Object("user", u).
		Logger()

	log.Log().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","user":{"name":"John","age":35,"created":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"message":"hello world"}

func (Context) RawJSON added in v1.5.0 

func (c Context) RawJSON(key string, b []byte) Context

RawJSON adds already encoded JSON to context.

No sanity check is performed on b; it must not contain carriage returns and be valid JSON.

func (Context) Stack added in v1.12.0 

func (c Context) Stack() Context

Stack enables stack trace printing for the error passed to Err().

func (Context) Str 

func (c Context) Str(key, val string) Context

Str adds the field key with val as a string to the logger context.

func (Context) Stringer added in v1.20.0 

func (c Context) Stringer(key string, val fmt.Stringer) Context

Stringer adds the field key with val.String() (or null if val is nil) to the logger context.

func (Context) Strs added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Strs(key string, vals []string) Context

Strs adds the field key with val as a string to the logger context.

func (Context) Time 

func (c Context) Time(key string, t time.Time) Context

Time adds the field key with t formated as string using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.

func (Context) Times added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Times(key string, t []time.Time) Context

Times adds the field key with t formated as string using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.

func (Context) Timestamp 

func (c Context) Timestamp() Context

Timestamp adds the current local time to the logger context with the "time" key, formatted using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat. To customize the key name, change zerolog.TimestampFieldName. To customize the time format, change zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.

NOTE: It won't dedupe the "time" key if the *Context has one already.

func (Context) Type added in v1.32.0 

func (c Context) Type(key string, val interface{}) Context

Type adds the field key with val's type using reflection.

func (Context) Uint 

func (c Context) Uint(key string, i uint) Context

Uint adds the field key with i as a uint to the logger context.

func (Context) Uint16 

func (c Context) Uint16(key string, i uint16) Context

Uint16 adds the field key with i as a uint16 to the logger context.

func (Context) Uint32 

func (c Context) Uint32(key string, i uint32) Context

Uint32 adds the field key with i as a uint32 to the logger context.

func (Context) Uint64 

func (c Context) Uint64(key string, i uint64) Context

Uint64 adds the field key with i as a uint64 to the logger context.

func (Context) Uint8 

func (c Context) Uint8(key string, i uint8) Context

Uint8 adds the field key with i as a uint8 to the logger context.

func (Context) Uints added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Uints(key string, i []uint) Context

Uints adds the field key with i as a []uint to the logger context.

func (Context) Uints16 added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Uints16(key string, i []uint16) Context

Uints16 adds the field key with i as a []uint16 to the logger context.

func (Context) Uints32 added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Uints32(key string, i []uint32) Context

Uints32 adds the field key with i as a []uint32 to the logger context.

func (Context) Uints64 added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Uints64(key string, i []uint64) Context

Uints64 adds the field key with i as a []uint64 to the logger context.

func (Context) Uints8 added in v1.0.1 

func (c Context) Uints8(key string, i []uint8) Context

Uints8 adds the field key with i as a []uint8 to the logger context.

type Event 

type Event struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

Event represents a log event. It is instanced by one of the level method of Logger and finalized by the Msg or Msgf method.

func Dict 

func Dict() *Event

Dict creates an Event to be used with the *Event.Dict method. Call usual field methods like Str, Int etc to add fields to this event and give it as argument the *Event.Dict method.

func (*Event) AnErr 

func (e *Event) AnErr(key string, err error) *Event

AnErr adds the field key with serialized err to the *Event context. If err is nil, no field is added.

func (*Event) Any added in v1.29.0 

func (e *Event) Any(key string, i interface{}) *Event

Any is a wrapper around Event.Interface.

func (*Event) Array added in v1.1.0 

func (e *Event) Array(key string, arr LogArrayMarshaler) *Event

Array adds the field key with an array to the event context. Use zerolog.Arr() to create the array or pass a type that implement the LogArrayMarshaler interface.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Log().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Array("array", zerolog.Arr().
			Str("baz").
			Int(1).
			Dict(zerolog.Dict().
				Str("bar", "baz").
				Int("n", 1),
			),
		).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","array":["baz",1,{"bar":"baz","n":1}],"message":"hello world"}
Example (Object) 
package main

import (
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

type User struct {
	Name    string
	Age     int
	Created time.Time
}

func (u User) MarshalZerologObject(e *zerolog.Event) {
	e.Str("name", u.Name).
		Int("age", u.Age).
		Time("created", u.Created)
}

type Users []User

func (uu Users) MarshalZerologArray(a *zerolog.Array) {
	for _, u := range uu {
		a.Object(u)
	}
}

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	// Users implements zerolog.LogArrayMarshaler
	u := Users{
		User{"John", 35, time.Time{}},
		User{"Bob", 55, time.Time{}},
	}

	log.Log().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Array("users", u).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","users":[{"name":"John","age":35,"created":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},{"name":"Bob","age":55,"created":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}],"message":"hello world"}

func (*Event) Bool 

func (e *Event) Bool(key string, b bool) *Event

Bool adds the field key with val as a bool to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Bools added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Bools(key string, b []bool) *Event

Bools adds the field key with val as a []bool to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Bytes added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Bytes(key string, val []byte) *Event

Bytes adds the field key with val as a string to the *Event context.

Runes outside of normal ASCII ranges will be hex-encoded in the resulting JSON.

func (*Event) Caller added in v1.5.0 

func (e *Event) Caller(skip ...int) *Event

Caller adds the file:line of the caller with the zerolog.CallerFieldName key. The argument skip is the number of stack frames to ascend Skip If not passed, use the global variable CallerSkipFrameCount

func (*Event) CallerSkipFrame added in v1.22.0 

func (e *Event) CallerSkipFrame(skip int) *Event

CallerSkipFrame instructs any future Caller calls to skip the specified number of frames. This includes those added via hooks from the context.

func (*Event) Ctx added in v1.30.0 

func (e *Event) Ctx(ctx context.Context) *Event

Ctx adds the Go Context to the *Event context. The context is not rendered in the output message, but is available to hooks and to Func() calls via the GetCtx() accessor. A typical use case is to extract tracing information from the Go Ctx.

func (*Event) Dict 

func (e *Event) Dict(key string, dict *Event) *Event

Dict adds the field key with a dict to the event context. Use zerolog.Dict() to create the dictionary.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Log().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Dict("dict", zerolog.Dict().
			Str("bar", "baz").
			Int("n", 1),
		).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","dict":{"bar":"baz","n":1},"message":"hello world"}

func (*Event) Discard added in v1.9.0 

func (e *Event) Discard() *Event

Discard disables the event so Msg(f) won't print it.

func (*Event) Dur 

func (e *Event) Dur(key string, d time.Duration) *Event

Dur adds the field key with duration d stored as zerolog.DurationFieldUnit. If zerolog.DurationFieldInteger is true, durations are rendered as integer instead of float.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	d := 10 * time.Second

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Log().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Dur("dur", d).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","dur":10000,"message":"hello world"}

func (*Event) Durs added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Durs(key string, d []time.Duration) *Event

Durs adds the field key with duration d stored as zerolog.DurationFieldUnit. If zerolog.DurationFieldInteger is true, durations are rendered as integer instead of float.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	d := []time.Duration{
		10 * time.Second,
		20 * time.Second,
	}

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Log().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Durs("durs", d).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","durs":[10000,20000],"message":"hello world"}

func (*Event) EmbedObject added in v1.7.0 

func (e *Event) EmbedObject(obj LogObjectMarshaler) *Event

EmbedObject marshals an object that implement the LogObjectMarshaler interface.

Example 
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

type Price struct {
	val  uint64
	prec int
	unit string
}

func (p Price) MarshalZerologObject(e *zerolog.Event) {
	denom := uint64(1)
	for i := 0; i < p.prec; i++ {
		denom *= 10
	}
	result := []byte(p.unit)
	result = append(result, fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d", p.val/denom, p.val%denom)...)
	e.Str("price", string(result))
}

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	price := Price{val: 6449, prec: 2, unit: "$"}

	log.Log().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		EmbedObject(price).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","price":"$64.49","message":"hello world"}

func (*Event) Enabled 

func (e *Event) Enabled() bool

Enabled return false if the *Event is going to be filtered out by log level or sampling.

func (*Event) Err 

func (e *Event) Err(err error) *Event

Err adds the field "error" with serialized err to the *Event context. If err is nil, no field is added.

To customize the key name, change zerolog.ErrorFieldName.

If Stack() has been called before and zerolog.ErrorStackMarshaler is defined, the err is passed to ErrorStackMarshaler and the result is appended to the zerolog.ErrorStackFieldName.

func (*Event) Errs added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Errs(key string, errs []error) *Event

Errs adds the field key with errs as an array of serialized errors to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Fields added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Fields(fields interface{}) *Event

Fields is a helper function to use a map or slice to set fields using type assertion. Only map[string]interface{} and []interface{} are accepted. []interface{} must alternate string keys and arbitrary values, and extraneous ones are ignored.

Example (Map) 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	fields := map[string]interface{}{
		"bar": "baz",
		"n":   1,
	}

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Log().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Fields(fields).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}
Example (Slice) 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	fields := []interface{}{
		"bar", "baz",
		"n", 1,
	}

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Log().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Fields(fields).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","bar":"baz","n":1,"message":"hello world"}

func (*Event) Float32 

func (e *Event) Float32(key string, f float32) *Event

Float32 adds the field key with f as a float32 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Float64 

func (e *Event) Float64(key string, f float64) *Event

Float64 adds the field key with f as a float64 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Floats32 added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Floats32(key string, f []float32) *Event

Floats32 adds the field key with f as a []float32 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Floats64 added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Floats64(key string, f []float64) *Event

Floats64 adds the field key with f as a []float64 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Func added in v1.23.0 

func (e *Event) Func(f func(e *Event)) *Event

Func allows an anonymous func to run only if the event is enabled.

func (*Event) GetCtx added in v1.30.0 

func (e *Event) GetCtx() context.Context

GetCtx retrieves the Go context.Context which is optionally stored in the Event. This allows Hooks and functions passed to Func() to retrieve values which are stored in the context.Context. This can be useful in tracing, where span information is commonly propagated in the context.Context.

func (*Event) Hex added in v1.6.0 

func (e *Event) Hex(key string, val []byte) *Event

Hex adds the field key with val as a hex string to the *Event context.

func (*Event) IPAddr added in v1.7.0 

func (e *Event) IPAddr(key string, ip net.IP) *Event

IPAddr adds IPv4 or IPv6 Address to the event

func (*Event) IPPrefix added in v1.7.0 

func (e *Event) IPPrefix(key string, pfx net.IPNet) *Event

IPPrefix adds IPv4 or IPv6 Prefix (address and mask) to the event

func (*Event) Int 

func (e *Event) Int(key string, i int) *Event

Int adds the field key with i as a int to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Int16 

func (e *Event) Int16(key string, i int16) *Event

Int16 adds the field key with i as a int16 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Int32 

func (e *Event) Int32(key string, i int32) *Event

Int32 adds the field key with i as a int32 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Int64 

func (e *Event) Int64(key string, i int64) *Event

Int64 adds the field key with i as a int64 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Int8 

func (e *Event) Int8(key string, i int8) *Event

Int8 adds the field key with i as a int8 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Interface 

func (e *Event) Interface(key string, i interface{}) *Event

Interface adds the field key with i marshaled using reflection.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	obj := struct {
		Name string `json:"name"`
	}{
		Name: "john",
	}

	log.Log().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Interface("obj", obj).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","obj":{"name":"john"},"message":"hello world"}

func (*Event) Ints added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Ints(key string, i []int) *Event

Ints adds the field key with i as a []int to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Ints16 added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Ints16(key string, i []int16) *Event

Ints16 adds the field key with i as a []int16 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Ints32 added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Ints32(key string, i []int32) *Event

Ints32 adds the field key with i as a []int32 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Ints64 added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Ints64(key string, i []int64) *Event

Ints64 adds the field key with i as a []int64 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Ints8 added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Ints8(key string, i []int8) *Event

Ints8 adds the field key with i as a []int8 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) MACAddr added in v1.7.0 

func (e *Event) MACAddr(key string, ha net.HardwareAddr) *Event

MACAddr adds MAC address to the event

func (*Event) Msg 

func (e *Event) Msg(msg string)

Msg sends the *Event with msg added as the message field if not empty.

NOTICE: once this method is called, the *Event should be disposed. Calling Msg twice can have unexpected result.

func (*Event) MsgFunc added in v1.27.0 

func (e *Event) MsgFunc(createMsg func() string)

func (*Event) Msgf 

func (e *Event) Msgf(format string, v ...interface{})

Msgf sends the event with formatted msg added as the message field if not empty.

NOTICE: once this method is called, the *Event should be disposed. Calling Msgf twice can have unexpected result.

func (*Event) Object added in v1.0.3 

func (e *Event) Object(key string, obj LogObjectMarshaler) *Event

Object marshals an object that implement the LogObjectMarshaler interface.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

type User struct {
	Name    string
	Age     int
	Created time.Time
}

func (u User) MarshalZerologObject(e *zerolog.Event) {
	e.Str("name", u.Name).
		Int("age", u.Age).
		Time("created", u.Created)
}

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	// User implements zerolog.LogObjectMarshaler
	u := User{"John", 35, time.Time{}}

	log.Log().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Object("user", u).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","user":{"name":"John","age":35,"created":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"message":"hello world"}

func (*Event) RawCBOR added in v1.30.0 

func (e *Event) RawCBOR(key string, b []byte) *Event

RawCBOR adds already encoded CBOR to the log line under key.

No sanity check is performed on b Note: The full featureset of CBOR is supported as data will not be mapped to json but stored as data-url

func (*Event) RawJSON added in v1.5.0 

func (e *Event) RawJSON(key string, b []byte) *Event

RawJSON adds already encoded JSON to the log line under key.

No sanity check is performed on b; it must not contain carriage returns and be valid JSON.

func (*Event) Send added in v1.15.0 

func (e *Event) Send()

Send is equivalent to calling Msg("").

NOTICE: once this method is called, the *Event should be disposed.

func (*Event) Stack added in v1.12.0 

func (e *Event) Stack() *Event

Stack enables stack trace printing for the error passed to Err().

ErrorStackMarshaler must be set for this method to do something.

func (*Event) Str 

func (e *Event) Str(key, val string) *Event

Str adds the field key with val as a string to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Stringer added in v1.19.0 

func (e *Event) Stringer(key string, val fmt.Stringer) *Event

Stringer adds the field key with val.String() (or null if val is nil) to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Stringers added in v1.26.0 

func (e *Event) Stringers(key string, vals []fmt.Stringer) *Event

Stringers adds the field key with vals where each individual val is used as val.String() (or null if val is empty) to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Strs added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Strs(key string, vals []string) *Event

Strs adds the field key with vals as a []string to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Time 

func (e *Event) Time(key string, t time.Time) *Event

Time adds the field key with t formatted as string using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.

func (*Event) TimeDiff 

func (e *Event) TimeDiff(key string, t time.Time, start time.Time) *Event

TimeDiff adds the field key with positive duration between time t and start. If time t is not greater than start, duration will be 0. Duration format follows the same principle as Dur().

func (*Event) Times added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Times(key string, t []time.Time) *Event

Times adds the field key with t formatted as string using zerolog.TimeFieldFormat.

func (*Event) Timestamp 

func (e *Event) Timestamp() *Event

Timestamp adds the current local time as UNIX timestamp to the *Event context with the "time" key. To customize the key name, change zerolog.TimestampFieldName.

NOTE: It won't dedupe the "time" key if the *Event (or *Context) has one already.

func (*Event) Type added in v1.29.0 

func (e *Event) Type(key string, val interface{}) *Event

Type adds the field key with val's type using reflection.

func (*Event) Uint 

func (e *Event) Uint(key string, i uint) *Event

Uint adds the field key with i as a uint to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Uint16 

func (e *Event) Uint16(key string, i uint16) *Event

Uint16 adds the field key with i as a uint16 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Uint32 

func (e *Event) Uint32(key string, i uint32) *Event

Uint32 adds the field key with i as a uint32 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Uint64 

func (e *Event) Uint64(key string, i uint64) *Event

Uint64 adds the field key with i as a uint64 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Uint8 

func (e *Event) Uint8(key string, i uint8) *Event

Uint8 adds the field key with i as a uint8 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Uints added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Uints(key string, i []uint) *Event

Uints adds the field key with i as a []int to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Uints16 added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Uints16(key string, i []uint16) *Event

Uints16 adds the field key with i as a []int16 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Uints32 added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Uints32(key string, i []uint32) *Event

Uints32 adds the field key with i as a []int32 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Uints64 added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Uints64(key string, i []uint64) *Event

Uints64 adds the field key with i as a []int64 to the *Event context.

func (*Event) Uints8 added in v1.0.1 

func (e *Event) Uints8(key string, i []uint8) *Event

Uints8 adds the field key with i as a []int8 to the *Event context.

type FilteredLevelWriter added in v1.31.0 

type FilteredLevelWriter struct {
	Writer LevelWriter
	Level  Level
}

FilteredLevelWriter writes only logs at Level or above to Writer.

It should be used only in combination with MultiLevelWriter when you want to write to multiple destinations at different levels. Otherwise you should just set the level on the logger and filter events early. When using MultiLevelWriter then you set the level on the logger to the lowest of the levels you use for writers.

func (*FilteredLevelWriter) Write added in v1.31.0 

func (w *FilteredLevelWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error)

Write writes to the underlying Writer.

func (*FilteredLevelWriter) WriteLevel added in v1.31.0 

func (w *FilteredLevelWriter) WriteLevel(level Level, p []byte) (int, error)

WriteLevel calls WriteLevel of the underlying Writer only if the level is equal or above the Level.

type Formatter added in v1.10.1 

type Formatter func(interface{}) string

Formatter transforms the input into a formatted string.

type Hook added in v1.4.0 

type Hook interface {
	// Run runs the hook with the event.
	Run(e *Event, level Level, message string)
}

Hook defines an interface to a log hook.

type HookFunc added in v1.9.0 

type HookFunc func(e *Event, level Level, message string)

HookFunc is an adaptor to allow the use of an ordinary function as a Hook.

func (HookFunc) Run added in v1.9.0 

func (h HookFunc) Run(e *Event, level Level, message string)

Run implements the Hook interface.

type Level 

type Level int8

Level defines log levels. 

const (
	// DebugLevel defines debug log level.
	DebugLevel Level = iota
	// InfoLevel defines info log level.
	InfoLevel
	// WarnLevel defines warn log level.
	WarnLevel
	// ErrorLevel defines error log level.
	ErrorLevel
	// FatalLevel defines fatal log level.
	FatalLevel
	// PanicLevel defines panic log level.
	PanicLevel
	// NoLevel defines an absent log level.
	NoLevel
	// Disabled disables the logger.
	Disabled

	// TraceLevel defines trace log level.
	TraceLevel Level = -1
)

func GlobalLevel added in v1.7.0 

func GlobalLevel() Level

GlobalLevel returns the current global log level

func ParseLevel added in v1.7.0 

func ParseLevel(levelStr string) (Level, error)

ParseLevel converts a level string into a zerolog Level value. returns an error if the input string does not match known values.

func (Level) MarshalText added in v1.28.0 

func (l Level) MarshalText() ([]byte, error)

MarshalText implements encoding.TextMarshaler to allow for easy writing into toml/yaml/json formats

func (Level) String 

func (l Level) String() string

func (*Level) UnmarshalText added in v1.28.0 

func (l *Level) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error

UnmarshalText implements encoding.TextUnmarshaler to allow for easy reading from toml/yaml/json formats

type LevelHook added in v1.4.0 

type LevelHook struct {
	NoLevelHook, TraceHook, DebugHook, InfoHook, WarnHook, ErrorHook, FatalHook, PanicHook Hook
}

LevelHook applies a different hook for each level.

func NewLevelHook added in v1.4.0 

func NewLevelHook() LevelHook

NewLevelHook returns a new LevelHook.

func (LevelHook) Run added in v1.4.0 

func (h LevelHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, message string)

Run implements the Hook interface.

type LevelSampler added in v1.3.0 

type LevelSampler struct {
	TraceSampler, DebugSampler, InfoSampler, WarnSampler, ErrorSampler Sampler
}

LevelSampler applies a different sampler for each level.

func (LevelSampler) Sample added in v1.3.0 

func (s LevelSampler) Sample(lvl Level) bool

type LevelWriter 

type LevelWriter interface {
	io.Writer
	WriteLevel(level Level, p []byte) (n int, err error)
}

LevelWriter defines as interface a writer may implement in order to receive level information with payload.

func MultiLevelWriter 

func MultiLevelWriter(writers ...io.Writer) LevelWriter

MultiLevelWriter creates a writer that duplicates its writes to all the provided writers, similar to the Unix tee(1) command. If some writers implement LevelWriter, their WriteLevel method will be used instead of Write.

func SyslogCEEWriter added in v1.21.0 

func SyslogCEEWriter(w SyslogWriter) LevelWriter

SyslogCEEWriter wraps a SyslogWriter with a SyslogLevelWriter that adds a MITRE CEE prefix for JSON syslog entries, compatible with rsyslog and syslog-ng JSON logging support. See https://www.rsyslog.com/json-elasticsearch/

func SyslogLevelWriter 

func SyslogLevelWriter(w SyslogWriter) LevelWriter

SyslogLevelWriter wraps a SyslogWriter and call the right syslog level method matching the zerolog level.

type LevelWriterAdapter added in v1.31.0 

type LevelWriterAdapter struct {
	io.Writer
}

LevelWriterAdapter adapts an io.Writer to support the LevelWriter interface.

func (LevelWriterAdapter) Close added in v1.32.0 

func (lw LevelWriterAdapter) Close() error

Call the underlying writer's Close method if it is an io.Closer. Otherwise does nothing.

func (LevelWriterAdapter) WriteLevel added in v1.31.0 

func (lw LevelWriterAdapter) WriteLevel(l Level, p []byte) (n int, err error)

WriteLevel simply writes everything to the adapted writer, ignoring the level.

type LogArrayMarshaler added in v1.1.0 

type LogArrayMarshaler interface {
	MarshalZerologArray(a *Array)
}

LogArrayMarshaler provides a strongly-typed and encoding-agnostic interface to be implemented by types used with Event/Context's Array methods.

type LogObjectMarshaler added in v1.0.3 

type LogObjectMarshaler interface {
	MarshalZerologObject(e *Event)
}

LogObjectMarshaler provides a strongly-typed and encoding-agnostic interface to be implemented by types used with Event/Context's Object methods.

type Logger 

type Logger struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

A Logger represents an active logging object that generates lines of JSON output to an io.Writer. Each logging operation makes a single call to the Writer's Write method. There is no guarantee on access serialization to the Writer. If your Writer is not thread safe, you may consider a sync wrapper.

func Ctx 

func Ctx(ctx context.Context) *Logger

Ctx returns the Logger associated with the ctx. If no logger is associated, DefaultContextLogger is returned, unless DefaultContextLogger is nil, in which case a disabled logger is returned.

func New 

func New(w io.Writer) Logger

New creates a root logger with given output writer. If the output writer implements the LevelWriter interface, the WriteLevel method will be called instead of the Write one.

Each logging operation makes a single call to the Writer's Write method. There is no guarantee on access serialization to the Writer. If your Writer is not thread safe, you may consider using sync wrapper.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Info().Msg("hello world")
}

Output:

{"level":"info","message":"hello world"}

func Nop 

func Nop() Logger

Nop returns a disabled logger for which all operation are no-op.

func (*Logger) Debug 

func (l *Logger) Debug() *Event

Debug starts a new message with debug level.

You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Debug().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Int("n", 123).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"level":"debug","foo":"bar","n":123,"message":"hello world"}

func (*Logger) Err added in v1.14.0 

func (l *Logger) Err(err error) *Event

Err starts a new message with error level with err as a field if not nil or with info level if err is nil.

You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.

func (*Logger) Error 

func (l *Logger) Error() *Event

Error starts a new message with error level.

You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.

Example 
package main

import (
	"errors"
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Error().
		Err(errors.New("some error")).
		Msg("error doing something")

}

Output:

{"level":"error","error":"some error","message":"error doing something"}

func (*Logger) Fatal 

func (l *Logger) Fatal() *Event

Fatal starts a new message with fatal level. The os.Exit(1) function is called by the Msg method, which terminates the program immediately.

You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.

func (Logger) GetLevel added in v1.15.0 

func (l Logger) GetLevel() Level

GetLevel returns the current Level of l.

func (Logger) Hook added in v1.4.0 

func (l Logger) Hook(hooks ...Hook) Logger

Hook returns a logger with the h Hook.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

type LevelNameHook struct{}

func (h LevelNameHook) Run(e *zerolog.Event, l zerolog.Level, msg string) {
	if l != zerolog.NoLevel {
		e.Str("level_name", l.String())
	} else {
		e.Str("level_name", "NoLevel")
	}
}

type MessageHook string

func (h MessageHook) Run(e *zerolog.Event, l zerolog.Level, msg string) {
	e.Str("the_message", msg)
}

func main() {
	var levelNameHook LevelNameHook
	var messageHook MessageHook = "The message"

	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).Hook(levelNameHook, messageHook)

	log.Info().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"level":"info","level_name":"info","the_message":"hello world","message":"hello world"}

func (*Logger) Info 

func (l *Logger) Info() *Event

Info starts a new message with info level.

You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Info().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Int("n", 123).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"level":"info","foo":"bar","n":123,"message":"hello world"}

func (Logger) Level 

func (l Logger) Level(lvl Level) Logger

Level creates a child logger with the minimum accepted level set to level.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).Level(zerolog.WarnLevel)

	log.Info().Msg("filtered out message")
	log.Error().Msg("kept message")

}

Output:

{"level":"error","message":"kept message"}

func (*Logger) Log 

func (l *Logger) Log() *Event

Log starts a new message with no level. Setting GlobalLevel to Disabled will still disable events produced by this method.

You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Log().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Str("bar", "baz").
		Msg("")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","bar":"baz"}

func (Logger) Output added in v1.2.0 

func (l Logger) Output(w io.Writer) Logger

Output duplicates the current logger and sets w as its output.

func (*Logger) Panic 

func (l *Logger) Panic() *Event

Panic starts a new message with panic level. The panic() function is called by the Msg method, which stops the ordinary flow of a goroutine.

You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.

func (*Logger) Print added in v1.3.0 

func (l *Logger) Print(v ...interface{})

Print sends a log event using debug level and no extra field. Arguments are handled in the manner of fmt.Print.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Print("hello world")

}

Output:

{"level":"debug","message":"hello world"}

func (*Logger) Printf added in v1.3.0 

func (l *Logger) Printf(format string, v ...interface{})

Printf sends a log event using debug level and no extra field. Arguments are handled in the manner of fmt.Printf.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Printf("hello %s", "world")

}

Output:

{"level":"debug","message":"hello world"}

func (*Logger) Println added in v1.32.0 

func (l *Logger) Println(v ...interface{})

Println sends a log event using debug level and no extra field. Arguments are handled in the manner of fmt.Println.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Println("hello world")

}

Output:

{"level":"debug","message":"hello world\n"}

func (Logger) Sample 

func (l Logger) Sample(s Sampler) Logger

Sample returns a logger with the s sampler.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).Sample(&zerolog.BasicSampler{N: 2})

	log.Info().Msg("message 1")
	log.Info().Msg("message 2")
	log.Info().Msg("message 3")
	log.Info().Msg("message 4")

}

Output:

{"level":"info","message":"message 1"}
{"level":"info","message":"message 3"}

func (*Logger) Trace added in v1.17.0 

func (l *Logger) Trace() *Event

Trace starts a new message with trace level.

You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Trace().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Int("n", 123).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"level":"trace","foo":"bar","n":123,"message":"hello world"}

func (*Logger) UpdateContext added in v1.3.0 

func (l *Logger) UpdateContext(update func(c Context) Context)

UpdateContext updates the internal logger's context.

Caution: This method is not concurrency safe. Use the With method to create a child logger before modifying the context from concurrent goroutines.

func (*Logger) Warn 

func (l *Logger) Warn() *Event

Warn starts a new message with warn level.

You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.Warn().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Msg("a warning message")

}

Output:

{"level":"warn","foo":"bar","message":"a warning message"}

func (Logger) With 

func (l Logger) With() Context

With creates a child logger with the field added to its context.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).
		With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Logger()

	log.Info().Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"level":"info","foo":"bar","message":"hello world"}

func (Logger) WithContext 

func (l Logger) WithContext(ctx context.Context) context.Context

WithContext returns a copy of ctx with the receiver attached. The Logger attached to the provided Context (if any) will not be effected. If the receiver's log level is Disabled it will only be attached to the returned Context if the provided Context has a previously attached Logger. If the provided Context has no attached Logger, a Disabled Logger will not be attached.

Note: to modify the existing Logger attached to a Context (instead of replacing it in a new Context), use UpdateContext with the following notation: 

ctx := r.Context()
l := zerolog.Ctx(ctx)
l.UpdateContext(func(c Context) Context {
    return c.Str("bar", "baz")
})

func (*Logger) WithLevel added in v1.0.1 

func (l *Logger) WithLevel(level Level) *Event

WithLevel starts a new message with level. Unlike Fatal and Panic methods, WithLevel does not terminate the program or stop the ordinary flow of a goroutine when used with their respective levels.

You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.

Example 
package main

import (
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

	log.WithLevel(zerolog.InfoLevel).
		Msg("hello world")

}

Output:

{"level":"info","message":"hello world"}

func (Logger) Write 

func (l Logger) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error)

Write implements the io.Writer interface. This is useful to set as a writer for the standard library log.

Example 
package main

import (
	stdlog "log"
	"os"

	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
)

func main() {
	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout).With().
		Str("foo", "bar").
		Logger()

	stdlog.SetFlags(0)
	stdlog.SetOutput(log)

	stdlog.Print("hello world")

}

Output:

{"foo":"bar","message":"hello world"}

type RandomSampler added in v1.3.0 

type RandomSampler uint32

RandomSampler use a PRNG to randomly sample an event out of N events, regardless of their level.

func (RandomSampler) Sample added in v1.3.0 

func (s RandomSampler) Sample(lvl Level) bool

Sample implements the Sampler interface.

type Sampler added in v1.3.0 

type Sampler interface {
	// Sample returns true if the event should be part of the sample, false if
	// the event should be dropped.
	Sample(lvl Level) bool
}

Sampler defines an interface to a log sampler.

type SyslogWriter 

type SyslogWriter interface {
	io.Writer
	Debug(m string) error
	Info(m string) error
	Warning(m string) error
	Err(m string) error
	Emerg(m string) error
	Crit(m string) error
}

SyslogWriter is an interface matching a syslog.Writer struct.

type TestWriter added in v1.26.0 

type TestWriter struct {
	T TestingLog

	// Frame skips caller frames to capture the original file and line numbers.
	Frame int
}

TestWriter is a writer that writes to testing.TB.

func NewTestWriter added in v1.26.0 

func NewTestWriter(t TestingLog) TestWriter

NewTestWriter creates a writer that logs to the testing.TB.

func (TestWriter) Write added in v1.26.0 

func (t TestWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error)

Write to testing.TB.

type TestingLog added in v1.26.0 

type TestingLog interface {
	Log(args ...interface{})
	Logf(format string, args ...interface{})
	Helper()
}

TestingLog is the logging interface of testing.TB.

type TriggerLevelWriter added in v1.32.0 

type TriggerLevelWriter struct {
	// Destination writer. If LevelWriter is provided (usually), its WriteLevel is used
	// instead of Write.
	io.Writer

	// ConditionalLevel is the level (and below) at which lines are buffered until
	// a trigger level (or higher) line is emitted. Usually this is set to DebugLevel.
	ConditionalLevel Level

	// TriggerLevel is the lowest level that triggers the sending of the conditional
	// level lines. Usually this is set to ErrorLevel.
	TriggerLevel Level
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

TriggerLevelWriter buffers log lines at the ConditionalLevel or below until a trigger level (or higher) line is emitted. Log lines with level higher than ConditionalLevel are always written out to the destination writer. If trigger never happens, buffered log lines are never written out.

It can be used to configure "log level per request".

func (*TriggerLevelWriter) Close added in v1.32.0 

func (w *TriggerLevelWriter) Close() error

Close closes the writer and returns the buffer to the pool.

func (*TriggerLevelWriter) Trigger added in v1.32.0 

func (w *TriggerLevelWriter) Trigger() error

Trigger forces flushing the buffer and change the trigger state to triggered, if the writer has not already been triggered before.

func (*TriggerLevelWriter) WriteLevel added in v1.32.0 

func (w *TriggerLevelWriter) WriteLevel(l Level, p []byte) (n int, err error)

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
cmd
prettylog
lint Module
Package diode provides a thread-safe, lock-free, non-blocking io.Writer wrapper.
 Package diode provides a thread-safe, lock-free, non-blocking io.Writer wrapper.
internal/diodes
Package hlog provides a set of http.Handler helpers for zerolog.
 Package hlog provides a set of http.Handler helpers for zerolog.
internal/mutil
Package mutil contains various functions that are helpful when writing http middleware.
 Package mutil contains various functions that are helpful when writing http middleware.
internal
cbor
Package cbor provides primitives for storing different data in the CBOR (binary) format.
 Package cbor provides primitives for storing different data in the CBOR (binary) format.
cbor/examples
json
Package log provides a global logger for zerolog.
 Package log provides a global logger for zerolog.

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