acmeproxy

acmeproxy

acmeproxy is a proxy for ACME compliant certificate authorities.

Purpose

acmeproxy is meant for situations similar to the one shown in the following overview diagram:

A private network is separated from the Internet by a firewall. All traffic to and from the Internet must go through that firewall. While local machines are able to access the Internet they are not accessible from the Internet.

Those local machines provide services to users within the private network. Each local machine has a private network IP address. A local DNS server maps those IP addresses to valid DNS host names. Connection to those services has to be TLS encrypted. This requires valid SSL/TLS certificates.

One way to provide such certificates is using self-signed certificates. Another would be to create a private certificate authority, which then issues those certificates. An excellent article on how to do this can be found on Jamie Nguyen's website.

Unfortunately both approaches have a serious drawback. Most browsers and other TLS clients rightfully treat self-signed certificates as a security risk. Even when using ones own certificate authority, it is necessary to import the root certificate used to sign the services' certificates into all browsers or other clients used to access those services. This quickly becomes tedious and annoying.

The ACME Protocol, and especially Let's Encrypt, provide an alternative to creating ones own certificate authority. Additionally Let's Encrypts root certificate is included in most browsers and clients. Therefore the annoying import of root certificates is not necessary anymore.

However, there is no free lunch. It comes as no surprise that also Let's Encrypt has a drawback. Before Lets Encrypt is able to issue a certificate for the requested domain name it relies on a proof of ownership of the domain name.

The most straightforward way of proofing ownership is the HTTP-01 challenge. This challenge relies on a token being served over HTTP from the domain requesting the certificate. If for example host.example.com wants a certificate from Let's Encrypt, it has to provide a token which it obtained from Let's Encrypt under http://host.example.com/.well-known/acme-challenge/<TOKEN>. Naturally this token is random and changes for each certificate renewal.

Since the hosts in the private network are not accessible from the Internet Let's Encrypt will not be able to access the above URL and this will not be able to validate our ownership. Thus, it will not issue a certificate for those hosts.

There exists another challenge type for such circumstances, which is called DNS-01. It relies on the token being available as a TXT record on the DNS server managing the DNS entries for the requesting domain. Unfortunately this requires some kind of API to create such an TXT record. Not all DNS providers provide such an API.

This is where acmeproxy comes into play. It allows hosts otherwise unaccessible from the Internet to offload the HTTP-01 challenge. It relies on the fact that all local machines have a valid DNS name. While the local DNS server maps those names to a private network IP address, a public DNS server may map those DNS names to the IP address of a server accessible to Let's Encrypt or a similar certificate authority. Naturally this server then runs acmeproxy.

acmeproxy supports three operation modes which allow its clients to retrieve valid SSL/TLS certificates from Let's Encrypt.

• acme-client: acmeproxy acts like any other ACME protocol client. It performs an HTTP-01 challenge, retrieves the certificates, and stores them locally. Additionally it makes sure that certificates get renewed before they expire. By executing a certificate-obtained-hook acmeproxy is able to inform clients on the same system about a new certificate.

• certificate-agent: acmeproxy performs the HTTP-01 challenge to retrieve or renew certificates for its client. It encrypts the certificates using the client's public key and stores them locally. The client may retrieve the certificates whenever it is able to do so.

• acme-gateway: acmeproxy acts as a gateway for its client. The client instructs acmeproxy to perform an HTTP-01 challenge flow to either retrieve or renew a certificate. acmeproxy then immediately forwards the certificate to the client without storing it, or keeping any meta data about the certificate.

Furthermore acmeproxy can act as its own client. In this mode an acmeproxy instance within the local network connects to a remote acmeproxy to retrieve the certificates obtained using the certificate-agent or acme-gateway operation modes.

Regardless of the operation mode acmeproxy makes sure that only authenticated and authorized clients are able to use acmeproxy to retrieve certificates form Let's Encrypt or similar certificate authorities. All communication between acmeproxy and its clients is encrypted.

Usage

acmeproxy can act as a server as well as a client. The following section details how to use acmeproxy in both ways.

Server

In order to start acmeproxy as a server execute

acmeproxy serve

By default acmeproxy should work as intended out of the box. If you want to override certain settings environment variables as well as command line arguments can be used. The command

acmeproxy help serve

gives a detailed explanation of the various command line arguments.

HTTPS errors

If you use acmeproxy to connect to a certificate authority using untrusted certificates you will receive certificate errors. In order to connect to such a certificate authority you have to set the LEGO_CA_CERTIFICATES variable to the certificate used. This instructs lego to trust this certificate.

For example, if you want acmeproxy to connect to a local installation of pebble, you have to execute:

export LEGO_CA_CERTIFICATES=$PWD/.pebble/test/certs/pebble.minica.pem

In this example the .pebble directory in the current working directory contains a local checkout of Pebble.

Client

TODO explain client operation once it is implemented.

Development

TODO: describe steps necessary to get a development environment going

Testing

Some of acmeproxy's tests require a running instance of pebble and will be skipped if such an instance is not configured.

If make test is called pebble is automatically downloaded and compiled. All tests relying on pebble are executed.

Test environment

In order to start an instance of acmeproxy in a test environment use the test-env.sh script in the scripts directory:

./scripts/test-env.sh start

To stop the started test environment call:

./scripts/test-env-sh stop

The test-env.sh script creates a pod using podman and adds all containers necessary to execute acmeproxy locally.

License

Copyright © 2019 Ferdinand Hofherr

Distributed under the MIT License.