makross

Makross

Package makross is a high productive and modular web framework in Golang.

Description

Makross is a Go package that provides high performance and powerful HTTP makross capabilities for Web applications. Makross is very fast, thanks to the radix tree data structure and the usage of sync.Pool

It has the following features:

• middleware pipeline architecture, similar to that of the Express framework.
• extremely fast request makross with zero dynamic memory allocation (the performance is comparable to that of httprouter and gin)
• modular code organization through route grouping
• flexible URL path matching, supporting URL parameters and regular expressions
• URL creation according to the predefined routes
• compatible with http.Handler and http.HandlerFunc
• ready-to-use handlers sufficient for building RESTful APIs

If you are using fasthttp, you may use a similar makross package macross which is adapted from Makross.

Requirements

Go 1.9 or above.

Installation

Run the following command to install the package:

go get github.com/insionng/makross

Getting Started

Create a server.go file with the following content:

package main

import (
	"github.com/insionng/makross"
)

func main() {
	m := makross.New()
	
	m.Get("/", func(self *makross.Context) error {
		return self.String("Hello, Makross")
	})

	m.Listen(9000)
}

Now run the following command to start the Web server:

go run server.go

You should be able to access URLs such as http://localhost:9000.

Getting Started via JWT

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/insionng/makross"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/cors"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/jwt"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/logger"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/recover"
	"time"
)

/*
curl -I -X GET http://localhost:9000/jwt/get/ -H "Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJVc2VySWQiOjEsImV4cCI6MTQ3OTQ4NDUzOH0.amQOtO0GESwLoevaGSoR55jCUqZ6vsIi9DPTkDh4tSk"
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0    26    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Makross
Date: Fri, 18 Nov 2016 15:55:18 GMT
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 26
Vary: Origin
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJVc2VySWQiOjEsImV4cCI6MTQ3OTQ4NDU3OH0.KBTm7A3xqWmQ6NLfUecfowgszfKzwMrjO3k0gf8llc8
*/

func main() {
	m := makross.New()
	m.Use(logger.Logger())
	m.Use(recover.Recover())
	m.Use(cors.CORS())

	m.Get("/", func(self *makross.Context) error {
		fmt.Println(self.Response.Header.String())
		var data = map[string]interface{}{}
		data["version"] = "1.0.0"
		return self.JSON(data)
	})

	var secret = "secret"
	var exprires = time.Minute * 1
	// 给用户返回token之前请先密码验证用户身份
	m.Post("/signin/", func(self *makross.Context) error {

		fmt.Println(self.Response.String())

		username := self.Args("username").String()
		password := self.Args("password").String()
		if (username == "insion") && (password == "PaSsworD") {
			claims := jwt.NewMapClaims()
			claims["UserId"] = 1
			claims["exp"] = time.Now().Add(exprires).Unix()

			tk, _ := jwt.NewTokenString(secret, "HS256", claims)

			var data = map[string]interface{}{}
			data["token"] = tk

			return self.JSON(data)
		}

		herr := new(makross.HTTPError)
		herr.Message = "ErrUnauthorized"
		herr.Status = makross.StatusUnauthorized
		return self.JSON(herr, makross.StatusUnauthorized)

	})

	g := m.Group("/jwt", jwt.JWT(secret))
	// http://localhost:9000/jwt/get/
	g.Get("/get/", func(self *makross.Context) error {

		var data = map[string]interface{}{}

		claims := jwt.GetMapClaims(self)
		jwtUserId := claims["UserId"].(float64)
		fmt.Println(jwtUserId)
		exp := int64(claims["exp"].(float64))
		exptime := time.Unix(exp, 0).Sub(time.Now())

		if (exptime > 0) && (exptime < (exprires / 3)) {
			fmt.Println("exptime will be expires")
			claims["UserId"] = 1
			claims["exp"] = time.Now().Add(exprires).Unix()

			token := jwt.NewToken("HS256", claims)
			tokenString, _ := token.SignedString([]byte(secret))

			self.Response.Header.Set(makross.HeaderAccessControlExposeHeaders, "Authorization")
			self.Response.Header.Set("Authorization", jwt.Bearer+" "+tokenString)
			self.Set(jwt.DefaultJWTConfig.ContextKey, token)
		}

		data["value"] = "Hello, Makross"
		return self.JSON(data)
	})

	m.Listen(9000)
}

Getting Started via Session

package main

import (
	"github.com/insionng/makross"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/recover"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/session"
	_ "github.com/insionng/makross/session/redis"
	"log"
)

func main() {

	v := makross.New()
	v.Use(recover.Recover())
	//v.Use(session.Sessioner(session.Options{"file", `{"cookieName":"MakrossSessionId","gcLifetime":3600,"providerConfig":"./data/session"}`}))
	v.Use(session.Sessioner(session.Options{"redis", `{"cookieName":"MakrossSessionId","gcLifetime":3600,"providerConfig":"127.0.0.1:6379"}`}))

	v.Get("/get", func(self *makross.Context) error {
		value := "nil"
		valueIf := self.Session.Get("key")
		if valueIf != nil {
			value = valueIf.(string)
		}

		return self.String(value)

	})

	v.Get("/set", func(self *makross.Context) error {

		val := self.QueryParam("v")
		if len(val) == 0 {
			val = "value"
		}

		err := self.Session.Set("key", val)
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("sess.set %v \n", err)
		}
		return self.String("okay")
	})

	v.Listen(7777)
}

Getting Started via i18n

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/insionng/makross"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/i18n"
)

func main() {
	m := makross.New()
	m.Use(i18n.I18n(i18n.Options{
		Directory:   "locale",
		DefaultLang: "zh-CN",
		Langs:       []string{"en-US", "zh-CN"},
		Names:       []string{"English", "简体中文"},
		Redirect:    true,
	}))

	m.Get("/", func(self *makross.Context) error {
		fmt.Println("Header>", self.Request.Header.String())
		return self.String("current language is " + self.Language())
	})

	// Use in handler.
	m.Get("/trans", func(self *makross.Context) error {
		fmt.Println("Header>", self.Request.Header.String())
		return self.String(fmt.Sprintf("hello %s", self.Tr("world")))
	})

	fmt.Println("Listen on 9999")
	m.Listen(9999)
}

Getting Started via Go template

package main

import (
	"github.com/insionng/makross"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/gonder"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/logger"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/recover"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/static"
)

func main() {
	v := makross.New()
	v.Use(logger.Logger())
	v.Use(recover.Recover())
	v.SetRenderer(gonder.Renderor())
	v.Use(static.Static("static"))
	v.Get("/", func(self *makross.Context) error {
		var data = make(map[string]interface{})
		data["name"] = "Insion Ng"
		self.SetStore(data)

		self.SetStore(map[string]interface{}{
			"title": "你好，世界",
			"oh":    "no",
		})
		self.Set("oh", "yes") //覆盖前面指定KEY
		return self.Render("index")
	})

	v.Listen(":9000")
}

templates/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<script src="/static/index.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<title>{{ .title }}</title>
</head>
<body>
    <p>{{ .oh }}</p
    <p>{{ .name }}</p>
</body>
</html>

Getting Started via Pongo template

package main

import (
	"github.com/insionng/makross"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/logger"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/pongor"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/recover"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/static"
)

func main() {
	v := makross.New()
	v.Use(logger.Logger())
	v.Use(recover.Recover())
	v.SetRenderer(pongor.Renderor())
	v.Use(static.Static("static"))
	v.Get("/", func(self *makross.Context) error {
		var data = make(map[string]interface{})
		data["name"] = "Insion Ng"
		self.SetStore(data)

		self.SetStore(map[string]interface{}{
			"title": "你好，世界",
			"oh":    "no",
		})
		self.Set("oh", "yes") //覆盖前面指定KEY
		return self.Render("index")
	})

	v.Listen(":9000")
}

templates/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<script src="/static/index.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<title>{{ title }}</title>
</head>
<body>
    <p>{{ oh }}</p
    <p>{{ name }}</p>
</body>
</html>

Getting Started via FastTemplate

package main

import (
	"github.com/insionng/makross"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/fempla"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/logger"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/recover"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/static"
)

func main() {

	v := makross.New()
	v.Use(logger.Logger())
	v.Use(recover.Recover())
	v.SetRenderer(fempla.Renderor())
	v.Use(static.Static("static"))
	v.Get("/", func(self *makross.Context) error {
		data := make(map[string]interface{})
		data["oh"] = "no"
		data["name"] = "Insion Ng"
		self.Set("title", "你好，世界")
		self.SetStore(data)
		self.Set("oh", "yes")
		return self.Render("index")
	})

	v.Listen(":9000")

}

templates/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<script src="/static/index.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<title>{{title}}</title>
</head>
<body>
    <p>
        {{oh}}
    </p>
    <p>
        {{name}}
    </p>
</body>
</html>

Case

Below we describe how to create a simple REST API using Makross.

Create a server.go file with the following content:

package main

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"github.com/insionng/makross"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/access"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/slash"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/content"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/fault"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/file"
)

func main() {
	m := makross.New()

	m.Use(
		// all these handlers are shared by every route
		access.Logger(log.Printf),
		slash.RemoveTrailingSlash(),
		fault.Recovery(log.Printf),
	)

	// serve RESTful APIs
	api := m.Group("/api")
	api.Use(
		// these handlers are shared by the routes in the api group only
		content.TypeNegotiator(content.JSON, content.XML),
	)
	api.Get("/users", func(c *makross.Context) error {
		return c.Write("user list")
	})
	api.Post("/users", func(c *makross.Context) error {
		return c.Write("create a new user")
	})
	api.Put(`/users/<id:\d+>`, func(c *makross.Context) error {
		return c.Write("update user " + c.Param("id"))
	})

	// serve index file
	m.Get("/", file.Content("ui/index.html"))
	// serve files under the "ui" subdirectory
	m.Get("/*", file.Server(file.PathMap{
		"/": "/ui/",
	}))

	m.Listen(8888)
}

Create an HTML file ui/index.html with any content.

Now run the following command to start the Web server:

go run server.go

You should be able to access URLs such as http://localhost:8888, http://localhost:8888/api/users.

Routes

Makross works by building a makross table in a router and then dispatching HTTP requests to the matching handlers found in the makross table. An intuitive illustration of a makross table is as follows:

For an incoming request GET /users, the first route would match and the handlers m1, m2, and h1 would be executed. If the request is PUT /users/123, the third route would match and the corresponding handlers would be executed. Note that the token <id> can match any number of non-slash characters and the matching part can be accessed as a path parameter value in the handlers.

If an incoming request matches multiple routes in the table, the route added first to the table will take precedence. All other matching routes will be ignored.

The actual implementation of the makross table uses a variant of the radix tree data structure, which makes the makross process as fast as working with a hash table, thanks to the inspiration from httprouter.

To add a new route and its handlers to the makross table, call the To method like the following:

m := makross.New()
m.To("GET", "/users", m1, m2, h1)
m.To("POST", "/users", m1, m2, h2)

You can also use shortcut methods, such as Get, Post, Put, etc., which are named after the HTTP method names:

m.Get("/users", m1, m2, h1)
m.Post("/users", m1, m2, h2)

If you have multiple routes with the same URL path but different HTTP methods, like the above example, you can chain them together as follows,

m.Get("/users", m1, m2, h1).Post(m1, m2, h2)

If you want to use the same set of handlers to handle the same URL path but different HTTP methods, you can take the following shortcut:

m.To("GET,POST", "/users", m1, m2, h)

A route may contain parameter tokens which are in the format of <name:pattern>, where name stands for the parameter name, and pattern is a regular expression which the parameter value should match. A token <name> is equivalent to <name:[^/]*>, i.e., it matches any number of non-slash characters. At the end of a route, an asterisk character can be used to match any number of arbitrary characters. Below are some examples:

• /users/<username>: matches /users/admin
• /users/accnt-<id:\d+>: matches /users/accnt-123, but not /users/accnt-admin
• /users/<username>/*: matches /users/admin/profile/address

When a URL path matches a route, the matching parameters on the URL path can be accessed via Context.Param():

m := makross.New()

m.Get("/users/<username>", func (c *makross.Context) error {
	fmt.Fprintf(c.Response, "Name: %v", c.Param("username"))
	return nil
})

Route Groups

Route group is a way of grouping together the routes which have the same route prefix. The routes in a group also share the same handlers that are registered with the group via its Use method. For example,

m := makross.New()
api := m.Group("/api")
api.Use(m1, m2)
api.Get("/users", h1).Post(h2)
api.Put("/users/<id>", h3).Delete(h4)

The above /api route group establishes the following makross table:

As you can see, all these routes have the same route prefix /api and the handlers m1 and m2. In other similar makross frameworks, the handlers registered with a route group are also called middlewares.

Route groups can be nested. That is, a route group can create a child group by calling the Group() method. The router serves as the top level route group. A child group inherits the handlers registered with its parent group. For example,

m := makross.New()
m.Use(m1)

api := m.Group("/api")
api.Use(m2)

users := api.Group("/users")
users.Use(m3)
users.Put("/<id>", h1)

Because the makross serves as the parent of the api group which is the parent of the users group, the PUT /api/users/<id> route is associated with the handlers m1, m2, m3, and h1.

Router

Router manages the makross table and dispatches incoming requests to appropriate handlers. A router instance is created by calling the makross.New() method.

Because Router implements the http.Handler interface, it can be readily used to serve subtrees on existing Go servers. For example,

m := makross.New()
m.Listen(9999)

Handlers

A handler is a function with the signature func(*makross.Context) error. A handler is executed by the router if the incoming request URL path matches the route that the handler is associated with. Through the makross.Context parameter, you can access the request information in handlers.

A route may be associated with multiple handlers. These handlers will be executed in the order that they are registered to the route. The execution sequence can be terminated in the middle using one of the following two methods:

• A handler returns an error: the router will skip the rest of the handlers and handle the returned error.
• A handler calls Context.Abort(): the router will simply skip the rest of the handlers. There is no error to be handled.

A handler can call Context.Next() to explicitly execute the rest of the unexecuted handlers and take actions after they finish execution. For example, a response compression handler may start the output buffer, call Context.Next(), and then compress and send the output to response.

Context

For each incoming request, a makross.Context object is populated with the request information and passed through the handlers that need to handle the request. Handlers can get the request information via Context.Request and send a response back via Context.Response. The Context.Param() method allows handlers to access the URL path parameters that match the current route.

Using Context.Get() and Context.Set(), handlers can share data between each other. For example, an authentication handler can store the authenticated user identity by calling Context.Set(), and other handlers can retrieve back the identity information by calling Context.Get().

Reading Request Data

Context provides a few shortcut methods to read query parameters. The Context.Query() method returns the named URL query parameter value; the Context.PostForm() method returns the named parameter value in the POST or PUT body parameters; and the Context.Form() method returns the value from either POST/PUT or URL query parameters.

The Context.Read() method supports reading data from the request body and populating it into an object. The method will check the Content-Type HTTP header and parse the body data as the corresponding format. For example, if Content-Type is application/json, the request body will be parsed as JSON data. The public fields in the object being populated will receive the parsed data if the data contains the same named fields. For example,

func foo(c *makross.Context) error {
    data := &struct{
        A string
        B bool
    }{}

    // assume the body data is: {"A":"abc", "B":true}
    // data will be populated as: {A: "abc", B: true}
    if err := c.Read(&data); err != nil {
        return err
    }
}

By default, Context supports reading data that are in JSON, XML, form, and multipart-form data. You may modify makross.DataReaders to add support for other data formats.

Note that when the data is read as form data, you may use struct tag named form to customize the name of the corresponding field in the form data. The form data reader also supports populating data into embedded objects which are either named or anonymous.

Writing Response Data

The Context.Write() method can be used to write data of arbitrary type to the response. By default, if the data being written is neither a string nor a byte array, the method will will call fmt.Fprint() to write the data into the response.

You can call Context.SetWriter() to replace the default data writer with a customized one. For example, the content.TypeNegotiator will negotiate the content response type and set the data writer with an appropriate one.

Error Handling

A handler may return an error indicating some erroneous condition. Sometimes, a handler or the code it calls may cause a panic. Both should be handled properly to ensure best user experience. It is recommended that you use the fault.Recover handler or a similar error handler to handle these errors.

If an error is not handled by any handler, the router will handle it by calling its handleError() method which simply sets an appropriate HTTP status code and writes the error message to the response.

When an incoming request has no matching route, the router will call the handlers registered via the Router.NotFound() method. All the handlers registered via Router.Use() will also be called in advance. By default, the following two handlers are registered with Router.NotFound():

• makross.MethodNotAllowedHandler: a handler that sends an Allow HTTP header indicating the allowed HTTP methods for a requested URL
• makross.NotFoundHandler: a handler triggering 404 HTTP error

Serving Static Files

Static files can be served with the help of file.Server and file.Content handlers. The former serves files under the specified directories, while the latter serves the content of a single file. For example,

import (
	"github.com/insionng/makross"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/file"
)

m := makross.New()

// serve index file
m.Get("/", file.Content("ui/index.html"))
// serve files under the "ui" subdirectory
m.Get("/*", file.Server(file.PathMap{
	"/": "/ui/",
}))

Handlers

Makross comes with a few commonly used handlers in its subpackages:

The following code shows how these handlers may be used:

import (
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"github.com/insionng/makross"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/access"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/slash"
	"github.com/insionng/makross/fault"
)

m := makross.New()

m.Use(
	access.Logger(log.Printf),
	slash.Remover(http.StatusMovedPermanently),
	fault.Recovery(log.Printf),
)

...

Third-party Handlers

The following third-party handlers are specifically designed for Makross:

Makross also provides adapters to support using third-party http.HandlerFunc or http.Handler handlers. For example,

m := makross.New()

// using http.HandlerFunc
m.Use(makross.HTTPHandlerFunc(http.NotFound))

// using http.Handler
m.Use(makross.HTTPHandler(http.NotFoundHandler))

Contributes

Thanks to the macross, com, echo/vodka, iris, gin, beego, ozzo-routing, FastTemplate, Pongo2, Jwt-go. And all other Go package dependencies projects

Recipes

• Zenpress Zenpres,the cms project like wordpress