data_structures

Go Data Structures

by Tim Henderson (tim.tadh@gmail.com)

Copyright 2013, Licensed under the GPL version 2. Please reach out to me directly if you require another licensing option. I am willing to work with you.

Purpose

To collect many important data structures for usage in go programs. Golang's standard library lacks many useful and important structures. This library attempts to fill the gap. I have implemented data-structure's as I have needed them. If there is a missing structure or even just a missing (or incorrect) method open an issue, send a pull request, or send an email patch.

The library also provides generic types to allow the user to swap out various data structures transparently. The interfaces provide operation for adding, removing, retrieving objects from collections as well as iterating over the collection using functional iterators.

Finally, the tree sub-package provides a variety of generic tree traversals. The tree traversals and other iterators in the package use a functional iteration technique detailed on my blog.

I hope you find my library useful. If you are using it drop me a line I would love to hear about it.

Current Collection

godoc

Lists

Array List list.List

Similar to a Java ArrayList or a Python or Ruby "list". There is a version (called Sortable) which integrates with the "sort" package from the standard library.

Sorted Array List list.Sorted

Keeps the ArrayList in sorted order for you.

Sorted Set set.SortedSet

Built on top of *list.Sorted, it provides basic set operations. With set.SortedSet you don't have to write code re-implementing sets with the map[type] datatype. Supports: intersection, union, set difference and overlap tests.

Trees

Classic AVL Tree tree/avl.AvlTree

An AVL tree is a height balanced binary search tree. It is commonly taught in algorithms courses.

Immutable AVL Tree tree/avl.ImmutableAvlTree

This version of the classic is immutable and should be thread safe due to immutability. However, there is a performance hit:

BenchmarkAvlTree           10000            166657 ns/op
BenchmarkImmutableAvlTree   5000            333709 ns/op

Ternary Search Trie trie.TST

A ternary search trie is a symbol table specialized to byte strings. It can be used to build a suffix tree for full text string indexing. However, even without a suffix tree it is still a great structure for flexible prefix searches.

B+Tree (with and without support for duplicate keys) tree/bptree.BpTree

A B+Tree is a general symbol table usually used for database indices. This implementation is not currently thread safe. It uses the structure detailed in the link and was ported from my file-structures repository.

Hash Tables

Classic Separate Chaining Hash Table hashtable.Hash

See hashtable/hashtable.go. An implementation of the classic hash table with separate chaining to handle collisions.

Linear Hash Table with AVL Tree Buckets hashtable.LinearHash

See hashtables/linhash.go. An implementation of Linear Hashing, a technique usually used for secondary storage hash tables. Often employed by databases and file systems for hash indices. This version is mostly instructional see the accompanying blog post. If you want the "real" disk backed version you want to check my file-structures repository. See the linhash directory.

Benchmarks

Note: these benchmarsk are fairly old and probably not easy to understand. Look at the relative difference not the absolute numbers as they are misleading. Each benchmark does many operations per "test" which makes it difficult to compare these numbers to numbers found elsewhere.

Benchmarks Put + Remove

$ go test -v -bench '.*' \
>   github.com/timtadh/data-structures/hashtable
>   github.com/timtadh/data-structures/tree/...
>   github.com/timtadh/data-structures/trie

BenchmarkGoMap             50000             30051 ns/op
BenchmarkMLHash            20000             78840 ns/op
BenchmarkHash              20000             81012 ns/op
BenchmarkTST               10000            149985 ns/op
BenchmarkBpTree            10000            185134 ns/op
BenchmarkAvlTree           10000            193069 ns/op
BenchmarkImmutableAvlTree   5000            367602 ns/op
BenchmarkLHash              1000           2743693 ns/op

Benchmarks Put

BenchmarkGoMap            100000             22036 ns/op
BenchmarkMLHash            50000             52104 ns/op
BenchmarkHash              50000             53426 ns/op
BenchmarkTST               50000             69852 ns/op
BenchmarkBpTree            20000             76124 ns/op
BenchmarkAvlTree           10000            142104 ns/op
BenchmarkImmutableAvlTree  10000            302196 ns/op
BenchmarkLHash              1000           1739710 ns/op

The performance of the in memory linear hash (MLHash) is slightly improved since the blog post do to the usage of an AVL Tree tree/avltree.go instead of an unbalanced binary search tree.

Related Projects

• fs2 Memory mapped datastructures. A B+Tree, a list, and a platform for implementing more.

• file-structures The previous version of fs2 of disk based file-structures. Also includes a linear virtual hashing implementation.