go-standard-libraries

go-standard-libraries

Practice materials for "The Go Standard Library" course

CLI Applications

• Leveraging Command Line Arguments with os.Args slice
• Adding Flags with flag package
  • Refer to https://golang.org/pkg/flag for more details
• Reading Keyboard Inputs with fmt.Scanf() function
• Scanning Keyboard Inputs or Files with bufio package
  • Refer to https://golang.org/pkg/bufio for more details

Using the Fmt Package

• Scanning Input with fmt.Sscanf() and fmt.Scanln() functions - generally not as useful as bufio scanner
• Formatting Output with fmt.Printf() function
• Manipulating Strings with fmt.Sprintf() function and special color formats
• Formatting other Data Types with different format specifiers
  • Refer to https://golang.org/pkg/fmt for more details

Using the Log Package

• Understanding Common Error Levels:
  • Information
    • If you want to confirm something
    • If you are logging transactions
    • If you are keeping track of something
    • If you want to show runtime information
  • Warning
    • If you need to get user's attention
    • If something is misconfigured
  • Error
    • If operation is compromised
    • If something very unexpected happened
  • Fatal
    • If the program must stop running
  • Debug
    • If you want to write out data or examine variables
• Formatting Log Output with log package
  • Log fatal messages and stop the program with log.Fatal()
  • Log other types of messages with log.Println()
  • Format messages with different flags, e.g. log.Ldate, log.Ltime, log.Lshortfile, etc.
  • Refer to https://golang.org/pkg/log for more details
• Utilizing the Trace Logger with runtime/trace package
  • Use go tool trace <TRACE_FILE>.out command to open and view the trace file

Using the Time Package

• Understanding Wall Clock vs Monotonic Clock
  • Wall Clock
    • Used to keep track of the current time of day
    • Subject to variation
    • Great for humans
    • Not great for measuring time
  • Monotonic Clock
    • Used for measuring time
    • Not subject to variation
    • Only meaningful for the process calling it
    • Can be simulated by wall clock time
• Formatting Time Output with time package
  • Get current time with time.Now() function
  • Format date with t.Format() method
  • Refer to https://golang.org/pkg/time for more details
• Calculating Time Spans
  • Measure timespan using time.Since() and time.Until() functions
  • Obtain dates by adding/subtracting timespan using t.AddDate() and t.Add() methods
• Calculating Elapsed Time for Applications using time.Since() function

Working with Strings with the Strings Package

• In Go, String is a read-only slice of bytes (not chars).
  • Refer to https://golang.org/pkg/strings for more details
• Comparing Strings with strings.Compare() function
  • When comparing large strings, strings.Compare() function can be more performant than == operator
• Splitting Strings with strings.Split() function
• Find and Replace in Strings with strings.Contains(), strings.HasPrefix(), strings.HasSuffix() and strings.Replace
• Using Regular Expressions with regexp package
  • Refer to https://golang.org/pkg/regexp for more details
• Trimming Strings with strings.TrimSpace(), strings.TrimPrefix() and strings.TrimSuffix() functions
• Casing in Strings with strings.ToUpper(), strings.ToLower() and strings.Title() functions

Implementing Reflection with the Reflect Package

• Reflection is the ability for your application to examine, introspect, and modify its own structure and behaviour. Reflection enables you to look at your own data at runtime and modify it if needed.
  • Refer to https://golang.org/pkg/reflect for more details
• Data Types in Go:
  • Basic Types - bool, string, int, etc.
  • Aggregate Types - array, struct, etc.
  • Reference Types - pointer, slice, chan, func, etc.
  • Interface Types - interface{}
• Creating Custom Types with interface, constructor, getters and setters
• Accessing Types at Runtime with reflect.TypeOf() and reflect.ValueOf() functions
  • Use t.Kind() or v.Kind() method to access the kind of type or value
• Creating Types at Runtime
  • Use reflect.MakeSlice() function to create slice via reflection
  • Use reflect.Append() function to append elements to slice created via reflection
• Creating Functions at Runtime with reflect.MakeFunc() function
  • Use vf.Call() method to call the function via reflection
  • Use runtime.FuncForPC(vf.Pointer()) method to access the *Func describing the function