bridge

Bridge (Setu)

Table of Contents

• Overview
• Listener
• Processor
• How to start bridge
• Reset
• Common Issues (FAQ)

Overview

Bridge module is responsible for listening to multiple chains and processing the events emitted by them.It converts the emitted data into heimdall messages and send them to the heimdall chain. There are listener and processor components in the bridge module which are responsible for listening and processing the events respectively as per their module. For example listener/rootchain.go is responsible for listening to events coming from rootchain OR L1 i.e Ethereum chain in our case and listener/maticchain.go is responsible for listening to events coming from maticchain or L2 i.e Bor chain in our case.

In order to process the events emitted by the chains, bridge module uses processor component, which is responsible for processing the events emitted by the chains. For example processor/clerk.go is responsible for processing the events related to clerk module, processor/staking.go is responsible for processing the events related to staking module and so on.

Other components of the bridge module includes queue which is used for queuing the messages between listner and processors, broadcaster which is responsible for broadcasting the messages to the heimdall chain.

Polygon PoS bridge provides a bridging mechanism that is near-instant, low-cost, and quite flexible.

There is no change to the circulating supply of your token when it crosses the bridge:

• Tokens that leave the Ethereum network are locked and the same number of tokens are minted on Polygon PoS as a pegged token (1:1).
• To move the tokens back to the Ethereum network, tokens are burned on Polygon PoS network and unlocked on Ethereum network.

Listener

The bridge module has a BaseListner which is extended by RootChainListener, MaticChainListener and HeimdallListener. It has all the methods required to start polling, listening to incoming headers(blocks) and stopping the process if required. All the 3 listneres uses these properties with their individual implementations on how to handle the incoming header once received.

For example in RootChainListner the incoming header is used to determine the current height of root chain and calculate the from and to block numbers using which the events are fetched from the root chain. These events are then sent to handleLog where based on their event signature they are added to queue as tasks for further processing by their respective processors.

Processor

There is a BaseProcessor which is extended by every processor in the processor package. It has all the methods required to start processing the events, registering for the tasks which are there in the queue and stopping the process if required. All the processors uses these properties with their individual implementations on how to handle the incoming events once received.

Once the event is added to the queue by the Listener, the Processor takes over and processes the events which are added into the queue based on their event signature. Each processor has RegisterTasks method using which they register to process specific tasks added to the queue based on the module they serve. For example StakingProcessor registers for Staking related tasks, ClerkProcessor registers for Clerk related tasks and so on. You can look into each processor to check which tasks they are registered for.

How to start bridge

Bridge should used by validator nodes only as they are the only ones who can send txns on heimdall chain, So if a non validator node is running bridge then it's of no use as it won't be able to send txns to heimdall chain.

To start bridge as a validator you just have to add --bridge command to your heimdall node command, You can also control which services you want to run from processor by using --all or --only flags.

To run all the service :

./heimdalld start --bridge --all

To use specific services :

./heimdalld start --bridge --only=clerk,staking

Reset

⚠ Do this only when you are advised so and you understand the impact of this command.

If you want to reset the bridge server data, you can use the following command:

./heimdalld unsafe-reset-all

Common Issues (FAQ)

Connection reset by peer

If the node shows up the logs in below pattern

panic: Exception (501) Reason: "read tcp 127.0.0.1:35218->127.0.0.1:5672: read: connection reset by peer"
goroutine 1 [running]:
github.com/maticnetwork/heimdall/bridge/setu/queue. NewQueueConnector({0xc0002ccf60,0x22})

Your Heimdall Bridge has issues please follow the steps below to fix this

stop rabbitmq-server
rm /var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia
start rabbitmq-server

Validator is unable to propose checkpoints

Please check the validator heimdall service and ensure the below flag is set and ensure rabbitmq is installed on your validator.

--bridge --all

Once done restart the services.