core

package
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Published: Jun 21, 2017 License: GPL-3.0 Imports: 37 Imported by: 0

Documentation

Overview

Package core implements the Ethereum consensus protocol.

Index

Examples

Constants

View Source
const (

	// BlockChainVersion ensures that an incompatible database forces a resync from scratch.
	BlockChainVersion = 3
)

Variables

View Source
var (
	MIPMapLevels = []uint64{1000000, 500000, 100000, 50000, 1000}

	ErrChainConfigNotFound = errors.New("ChainConfig not found") // general config not found error

)
View Source
var (
	// ErrKnownBlock is returned when a block to import is already known locally.
	ErrKnownBlock = errors.New("block already known")

	// ErrGasLimitReached is returned by the gas pool if the amount of gas required
	// by a transaction is higher than what's left in the block.
	ErrGasLimitReached = errors.New("gas limit reached")

	// ErrBlacklistedHash is returned if a block to import is on the blacklist.
	ErrBlacklistedHash = errors.New("blacklisted hash")
)
View Source
var (
	// Transaction Pool Errors
	ErrInvalidSender      = errors.New("invalid sender")
	ErrNonce              = errors.New("nonce too low")
	ErrUnderpriced        = errors.New("transaction underpriced")
	ErrReplaceUnderpriced = errors.New("replacement transaction underpriced")
	ErrBalance            = errors.New("insufficient balance")
	ErrInsufficientFunds  = errors.New("insufficient funds for gas * price + value")
	ErrIntrinsicGas       = errors.New("intrinsic gas too low")
	ErrGasLimit           = errors.New("exceeds block gas limit")
	ErrNegativeValue      = errors.New("negative value")
)
View Source
var BadHashes = map[common.Hash]bool{
	common.HexToHash("05bef30ef572270f654746da22639a7a0c97dd97a7050b9e252391996aaeb689"): true,
	common.HexToHash("7d05d08cbc596a2e5e4f13b80a743e53e09221b5323c3a61946b20873e58583f"): true,
}

BadHashes represent a set of manually tracked bad hashes (usually hard forks)

View Source
var (
	Big0 = big.NewInt(0)
)
View Source
var BlockReward = big.NewInt(5e+18)
View Source
var DefaultTxPoolConfig = TxPoolConfig{
	PriceLimit: 1,
	PriceBump:  10,

	AccountSlots: 16,
	GlobalSlots:  4096,
	AccountQueue: 64,
	GlobalQueue:  1024,

	Lifetime: 3 * time.Hour,
}

DefaultTxPoolConfig contains the default configurations for the transaction pool.

View Source
var (
	ErrNoGenesis = errors.New("Genesis not found in chain")
)

Functions

func ApplyDAOHardFork

func ApplyDAOHardFork(statedb *state.StateDB)

ApplyDAOHardFork modifies the state database according to the DAO hard-fork rules, transferring all balances of a set of DAO accounts to a single refund contract.

func ApplyMessage

func ApplyMessage(evm *vm.EVM, msg Message, gp *GasPool) ([]byte, *big.Int, error)

ApplyMessage computes the new state by applying the given message against the old state within the environment.

ApplyMessage returns the bytes returned by any EVM execution (if it took place), the gas used (which includes gas refunds) and an error if it failed. An error always indicates a core error meaning that the message would always fail for that particular state and would never be accepted within a block.

func ApplyTransaction

func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc *BlockChain, author *common.Address, gp *GasPool, statedb *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *big.Int, cfg vm.Config) (*types.Receipt, *big.Int, error)

ApplyTransaction attempts to apply a transaction to the given state database and uses the input parameters for its environment. It returns the receipt for the transaction, gas used and an error if the transaction failed, indicating the block was invalid.

func CalcGasLimit

func CalcGasLimit(parent *types.Block) *big.Int

CalcGasLimit computes the gas limit of the next block after parent. The result may be modified by the caller. This is miner strategy, not consensus protocol.

func CanTransfer

func CanTransfer(db vm.StateDB, addr common.Address, amount *big.Int) bool

CanTransfer checks wether there are enough funds in the address' account to make a transfer. This does not take the necessary gas in to account to make the transfer valid.

func DeleteBlock

func DeleteBlock(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64)

DeleteBlock removes all block data associated with a hash.

func DeleteBlockReceipts

func DeleteBlockReceipts(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64)

DeleteBlockReceipts removes all receipt data associated with a block hash.

func DeleteBody

func DeleteBody(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64)

DeleteBody removes all block body data associated with a hash.

func DeleteCanonicalHash

func DeleteCanonicalHash(db ethdb.Database, number uint64)

DeleteCanonicalHash removes the number to hash canonical mapping.

func DeleteHeader

func DeleteHeader(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64)

DeleteHeader removes all block header data associated with a hash.

func DeleteReceipt

func DeleteReceipt(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash)

DeleteReceipt removes all receipt data associated with a transaction hash.

func DeleteTd

func DeleteTd(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64)

DeleteTd removes all block total difficulty data associated with a hash.

func DeleteTransaction

func DeleteTransaction(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash)

DeleteTransaction removes all transaction data associated with a hash.

func FindCommonAncestor

func FindCommonAncestor(db ethdb.Database, a, b *types.Header) *types.Header

FindCommonAncestor returns the last common ancestor of two block headers

func GenerateChain

func GenerateChain(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Block, db ethdb.Database, n int, gen func(int, *BlockGen)) ([]*types.Block, []types.Receipts)

GenerateChain creates a chain of n blocks. The first block's parent will be the provided parent. db is used to store intermediate states and should contain the parent's state trie.

The generator function is called with a new block generator for every block. Any transactions and uncles added to the generator become part of the block. If gen is nil, the blocks will be empty and their coinbase will be the zero address.

Blocks created by GenerateChain do not contain valid proof of work values. Inserting them into BlockChain requires use of FakePow or a similar non-validating proof of work implementation.

Example
var (
	key1, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
	key2, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("8a1f9a8f95be41cd7ccb6168179afb4504aefe388d1e14474d32c45c72ce7b7a")
	key3, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("49a7b37aa6f6645917e7b807e9d1c00d4fa71f18343b0d4122a4d2df64dd6fee")
	addr1   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key1.PublicKey)
	addr2   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key2.PublicKey)
	addr3   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key3.PublicKey)
	db, _   = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
)

// Ensure that key1 has some funds in the genesis block.
gspec := &Genesis{
	Config: &params.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: new(big.Int)},
	Alloc:  GenesisAlloc{addr1: {Balance: big.NewInt(1000000)}},
}
genesis := gspec.MustCommit(db)

// This call generates a chain of 5 blocks. The function runs for
// each block and adds different features to gen based on the
// block index.
signer := types.HomesteadSigner{}
chain, _ := GenerateChain(gspec.Config, genesis, db, 5, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
	switch i {
	case 0:
		// In block 1, addr1 sends addr2 some ether.
		tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr1), addr2, big.NewInt(10000), bigTxGas, nil, nil), signer, key1)
		gen.AddTx(tx)
	case 1:
		// In block 2, addr1 sends some more ether to addr2.
		// addr2 passes it on to addr3.
		tx1, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr1), addr2, big.NewInt(1000), bigTxGas, nil, nil), signer, key1)
		tx2, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr2), addr3, big.NewInt(1000), bigTxGas, nil, nil), signer, key2)
		gen.AddTx(tx1)
		gen.AddTx(tx2)
	case 2:
		// Block 3 is empty but was mined by addr3.
		gen.SetCoinbase(addr3)
		gen.SetExtra([]byte("yeehaw"))
	case 3:
		// Block 4 includes blocks 2 and 3 as uncle headers (with modified extra data).
		b2 := gen.PrevBlock(1).Header()
		b2.Extra = []byte("foo")
		gen.AddUncle(b2)
		b3 := gen.PrevBlock(2).Header()
		b3.Extra = []byte("foo")
		gen.AddUncle(b3)
	}
})

// Import the chain. This runs all block validation rules.
evmux := &event.TypeMux{}
blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, gspec.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), evmux, vm.Config{})
if i, err := blockchain.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
	fmt.Printf("insert error (block %d): %v\n", chain[i].NumberU64(), err)
	return
}

state, _ := blockchain.State()
fmt.Printf("last block: #%d\n", blockchain.CurrentBlock().Number())
fmt.Println("balance of addr1:", state.GetBalance(addr1))
fmt.Println("balance of addr2:", state.GetBalance(addr2))
fmt.Println("balance of addr3:", state.GetBalance(addr3))
Output:

last block: #5
balance of addr1: 989000
balance of addr2: 10000
balance of addr3: 19687500000000001000

func GenesisBlockForTesting

func GenesisBlockForTesting(db ethdb.Database, addr common.Address, balance *big.Int) *types.Block

GenesisBlockForTesting creates and writes a block in which addr has the given wei balance.

func GetBlock

func GetBlock(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Block

GetBlock retrieves an entire block corresponding to the hash, assembling it back from the stored header and body. If either the header or body could not be retrieved nil is returned.

Note, due to concurrent download of header and block body the header and thus canonical hash can be stored in the database but the body data not (yet).

func GetBlockChainVersion

func GetBlockChainVersion(db ethdb.Database) int

GetBlockChainVersion reads the version number from db.

func GetBlockNumber

func GetBlockNumber(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) uint64

GetBlockNumber returns the block number assigned to a block hash if the corresponding header is present in the database

func GetBlockReceipts

func GetBlockReceipts(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64) types.Receipts

GetBlockReceipts retrieves the receipts generated by the transactions included in a block given by its hash.

func GetBody

func GetBody(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Body

GetBody retrieves the block body (transactons, uncles) corresponding to the hash, nil if none found.

func GetBodyRLP

func GetBodyRLP(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64) rlp.RawValue

GetBodyRLP retrieves the block body (transactions and uncles) in RLP encoding.

func GetCanonicalHash

func GetCanonicalHash(db ethdb.Database, number uint64) common.Hash

GetCanonicalHash retrieves a hash assigned to a canonical block number.

func GetChainConfig

func GetChainConfig(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) (*params.ChainConfig, error)

GetChainConfig will fetch the network settings based on the given hash.

func GetHashFn

func GetHashFn(ref *types.Header, chain ChainContext) func(n uint64) common.Hash

GetHashFn returns a GetHashFunc which retrieves header hashes by number

func GetHeadBlockHash

func GetHeadBlockHash(db ethdb.Database) common.Hash

GetHeadBlockHash retrieves the hash of the current canonical head block.

func GetHeadFastBlockHash

func GetHeadFastBlockHash(db ethdb.Database) common.Hash

GetHeadFastBlockHash retrieves the hash of the current canonical head block during fast synchronization. The difference between this and GetHeadBlockHash is that whereas the last block hash is only updated upon a full block import, the last fast hash is updated when importing pre-processed blocks.

func GetHeadHeaderHash

func GetHeadHeaderHash(db ethdb.Database) common.Hash

GetHeadHeaderHash retrieves the hash of the current canonical head block's header. The difference between this and GetHeadBlockHash is that whereas the last block hash is only updated upon a full block import, the last header hash is updated already at header import, allowing head tracking for the light synchronization mechanism.

func GetHeader

func GetHeader(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Header

GetHeader retrieves the block header corresponding to the hash, nil if none found.

func GetHeaderRLP

func GetHeaderRLP(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64) rlp.RawValue

GetHeaderRLP retrieves a block header in its raw RLP database encoding, or nil if the header's not found.

func GetMipmapBloom

func GetMipmapBloom(db ethdb.Database, number, level uint64) types.Bloom

GetMipmapBloom returns a bloom filter using the number and level as input parameters. For available levels see MIPMapLevels.

func GetReceipt

func GetReceipt(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) *types.Receipt

GetReceipt returns a receipt by hash

func GetTd

func GetTd(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64) *big.Int

GetTd retrieves a block's total difficulty corresponding to the hash, nil if none found.

func GetTransaction

func GetTransaction(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) (*types.Transaction, common.Hash, uint64, uint64)

GetTransaction retrieves a specific transaction from the database, along with its added positional metadata.

func IntrinsicGas

func IntrinsicGas(data []byte, contractCreation, homestead bool) *big.Int

IntrinsicGas computes the 'intrinsic gas' for a message with the given data.

TODO convert to uint64

func NewEVMContext

func NewEVMContext(msg Message, header *types.Header, chain ChainContext, author *common.Address) vm.Context

NewEVMContext creates a new context for use in the EVM.

func PreimageTable

func PreimageTable(db ethdb.Database) ethdb.Database

PreimageTable returns a Database instance with the key prefix for preimage entries.

func SetReceiptsData

func SetReceiptsData(config *params.ChainConfig, block *types.Block, receipts types.Receipts)

SetReceiptsData computes all the non-consensus fields of the receipts

func SetupGenesisBlock

func SetupGenesisBlock(db ethdb.Database, genesis *Genesis) (*params.ChainConfig, common.Hash, error)

SetupGenesisBlock writes or updates the genesis block in db. The block that will be used is:

                     genesis == nil       genesis != nil
                  +------------------------------------------
db has no genesis |  main-net default  |  genesis
db has genesis    |  from DB           |  genesis (if compatible)

The stored chain configuration will be updated if it is compatible (i.e. does not specify a fork block below the local head block). In case of a conflict, the error is a *params.ConfigCompatError and the new, unwritten config is returned.

The returned chain configuration is never nil.

func Transfer

func Transfer(db vm.StateDB, sender, recipient common.Address, amount *big.Int)

Transfer subtracts amount from sender and adds amount to recipient using the given Db

func ValidateDAOHeaderExtraData

func ValidateDAOHeaderExtraData(config *params.ChainConfig, header *types.Header) error

ValidateDAOHeaderExtraData validates the extra-data field of a block header to ensure it conforms to DAO hard-fork rules.

DAO hard-fork extension to the header validity:

a) if the node is no-fork, do not accept blocks in the [fork, fork+10) range
   with the fork specific extra-data set
b) if the node is pro-fork, require blocks in the specific range to have the
   unique extra-data set.

func WriteBlock

func WriteBlock(db ethdb.Database, block *types.Block) error

WriteBlock serializes a block into the database, header and body separately.

func WriteBlockChainVersion

func WriteBlockChainVersion(db ethdb.Database, vsn int)

WriteBlockChainVersion writes vsn as the version number to db.

func WriteBlockReceipts

func WriteBlockReceipts(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64, receipts types.Receipts) error

WriteBlockReceipts stores all the transaction receipts belonging to a block as a single receipt slice. This is used during chain reorganisations for rescheduling dropped transactions.

func WriteBody

func WriteBody(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64, body *types.Body) error

WriteBody serializes the body of a block into the database.

func WriteBodyRLP

func WriteBodyRLP(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64, rlp rlp.RawValue) error

WriteBodyRLP writes a serialized body of a block into the database.

func WriteCanonicalHash

func WriteCanonicalHash(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64) error

WriteCanonicalHash stores the canonical hash for the given block number.

func WriteChainConfig

func WriteChainConfig(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, cfg *params.ChainConfig) error

WriteChainConfig writes the chain config settings to the database.

func WriteHeadBlockHash

func WriteHeadBlockHash(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) error

WriteHeadBlockHash stores the head block's hash.

func WriteHeadFastBlockHash

func WriteHeadFastBlockHash(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) error

WriteHeadFastBlockHash stores the fast head block's hash.

func WriteHeadHeaderHash

func WriteHeadHeaderHash(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) error

WriteHeadHeaderHash stores the head header's hash.

func WriteHeader

func WriteHeader(db ethdb.Database, header *types.Header) error

WriteHeader serializes a block header into the database.

func WriteMipmapBloom

func WriteMipmapBloom(db ethdb.Database, number uint64, receipts types.Receipts) error

WriteMipmapBloom writes each address included in the receipts' logs to the MIP bloom bin.

func WritePreimages

func WritePreimages(db ethdb.Database, number uint64, preimages map[common.Hash][]byte) error

WritePreimages writes the provided set of preimages to the database. `number` is the current block number, and is used for debug messages only.

func WriteReceipt

func WriteReceipt(db ethdb.Database, receipt *types.Receipt) error

WriteReceipt stores a single transaction receipt into the database.

func WriteReceipts

func WriteReceipts(db ethdb.Database, receipts types.Receipts) error

WriteReceipts stores a batch of transaction receipts into the database.

func WriteTd

func WriteTd(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64, td *big.Int) error

WriteTd serializes the total difficulty of a block into the database.

func WriteTransactions

func WriteTransactions(db ethdb.Database, block *types.Block) error

WriteTransactions stores the transactions associated with a specific block into the given database. Beside writing the transaction, the function also stores a metadata entry along with the transaction, detailing the position of this within the blockchain.

Types

type BadBlockArgs

type BadBlockArgs struct {
	Hash   common.Hash   `json:"hash"`
	Header *types.Header `json:"header"`
}

BadBlockArgs represents the entries in the list returned when bad blocks are queried.

type BlockChain

type BlockChain struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

BlockChain represents the canonical chain given a database with a genesis block. The Blockchain manages chain imports, reverts, chain reorganisations.

Importing blocks in to the block chain happens according to the set of rules defined by the two stage Validator. Processing of blocks is done using the Processor which processes the included transaction. The validation of the state is done in the second part of the Validator. Failing results in aborting of the import.

The BlockChain also helps in returning blocks from **any** chain included in the database as well as blocks that represents the canonical chain. It's important to note that GetBlock can return any block and does not need to be included in the canonical one where as GetBlockByNumber always represents the canonical chain.

func NewBlockChain

func NewBlockChain(chainDb ethdb.Database, config *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, mux *event.TypeMux, vmConfig vm.Config) (*BlockChain, error)

NewBlockChain returns a fully initialised block chain using information available in the database. It initialises the default Ethereum Validator and Processor.

func (*BlockChain) BadBlocks

func (bc *BlockChain) BadBlocks() ([]BadBlockArgs, error)

BadBlocks returns a list of the last 'bad blocks' that the client has seen on the network

func (*BlockChain) Config

func (bc *BlockChain) Config() *params.ChainConfig

Config retrieves the blockchain's chain configuration.

func (*BlockChain) CurrentBlock

func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentBlock() *types.Block

CurrentBlock retrieves the current head block of the canonical chain. The block is retrieved from the blockchain's internal cache.

func (*BlockChain) CurrentFastBlock

func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentFastBlock() *types.Block

CurrentFastBlock retrieves the current fast-sync head block of the canonical chain. The block is retrieved from the blockchain's internal cache.

func (*BlockChain) CurrentHeader

func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentHeader() *types.Header

CurrentHeader retrieves the current head header of the canonical chain. The header is retrieved from the HeaderChain's internal cache.

func (*BlockChain) Engine

func (bc *BlockChain) Engine() consensus.Engine

Engine retrieves the blockchain's consensus engine.

func (*BlockChain) Export

func (bc *BlockChain) Export(w io.Writer) error

Export writes the active chain to the given writer.

func (*BlockChain) ExportN

func (bc *BlockChain) ExportN(w io.Writer, first uint64, last uint64) error

ExportN writes a subset of the active chain to the given writer.

func (*BlockChain) FastSyncCommitHead

func (bc *BlockChain) FastSyncCommitHead(hash common.Hash) error

FastSyncCommitHead sets the current head block to the one defined by the hash irrelevant what the chain contents were prior.

func (*BlockChain) GasLimit

func (bc *BlockChain) GasLimit() *big.Int

GasLimit returns the gas limit of the current HEAD block.

func (*BlockChain) Genesis

func (bc *BlockChain) Genesis() *types.Block

Genesis retrieves the chain's genesis block.

func (*BlockChain) GetBlock

func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlock(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Block

GetBlock retrieves a block from the database by hash and number, caching it if found.

func (*BlockChain) GetBlockByHash

func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlockByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Block

GetBlockByHash retrieves a block from the database by hash, caching it if found.

func (*BlockChain) GetBlockByNumber

func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlockByNumber(number uint64) *types.Block

GetBlockByNumber retrieves a block from the database by number, caching it (associated with its hash) if found.

func (*BlockChain) GetBlockHashesFromHash

func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlockHashesFromHash(hash common.Hash, max uint64) []common.Hash

GetBlockHashesFromHash retrieves a number of block hashes starting at a given hash, fetching towards the genesis block.

func (*BlockChain) GetBlocksFromHash

func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlocksFromHash(hash common.Hash, n int) (blocks []*types.Block)

GetBlocksFromHash returns the block corresponding to hash and up to n-1 ancestors. [deprecated by eth/62]

func (*BlockChain) GetBody

func (bc *BlockChain) GetBody(hash common.Hash) *types.Body

GetBody retrieves a block body (transactions and uncles) from the database by hash, caching it if found.

func (*BlockChain) GetBodyRLP

func (bc *BlockChain) GetBodyRLP(hash common.Hash) rlp.RawValue

GetBodyRLP retrieves a block body in RLP encoding from the database by hash, caching it if found.

func (*BlockChain) GetHeader

func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeader(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Header

GetHeader retrieves a block header from the database by hash and number, caching it if found.

func (*BlockChain) GetHeaderByHash

func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeaderByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Header

GetHeaderByHash retrieves a block header from the database by hash, caching it if found.

func (*BlockChain) GetHeaderByNumber

func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeaderByNumber(number uint64) *types.Header

GetHeaderByNumber retrieves a block header from the database by number, caching it (associated with its hash) if found.

func (*BlockChain) GetTd

func (bc *BlockChain) GetTd(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *big.Int

GetTd retrieves a block's total difficulty in the canonical chain from the database by hash and number, caching it if found.

func (*BlockChain) GetTdByHash

func (bc *BlockChain) GetTdByHash(hash common.Hash) *big.Int

GetTdByHash retrieves a block's total difficulty in the canonical chain from the database by hash, caching it if found.

func (*BlockChain) GetUnclesInChain

func (bc *BlockChain) GetUnclesInChain(block *types.Block, length int) []*types.Header

GetUnclesInChain retrieves all the uncles from a given block backwards until a specific distance is reached.

func (*BlockChain) HasBlock

func (bc *BlockChain) HasBlock(hash common.Hash) bool

HasBlock checks if a block is fully present in the database or not, caching it if present.

func (*BlockChain) HasBlockAndState

func (bc *BlockChain) HasBlockAndState(hash common.Hash) bool

HasBlockAndState checks if a block and associated state trie is fully present in the database or not, caching it if present.

func (*BlockChain) HasHeader

func (bc *BlockChain) HasHeader(hash common.Hash) bool

HasHeader checks if a block header is present in the database or not, caching it if present.

func (*BlockChain) InsertChain

func (bc *BlockChain) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error)

InsertChain will attempt to insert the given chain in to the canonical chain or, otherwise, create a fork. If an error is returned it will return the index number of the failing block as well an error describing what went wrong (for possible errors see core/errors.go).

func (*BlockChain) InsertHeaderChain

func (bc *BlockChain) InsertHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header, checkFreq int) (int, error)

InsertHeaderChain attempts to insert the given header chain in to the local chain, possibly creating a reorg. If an error is returned, it will return the index number of the failing header as well an error describing what went wrong.

The verify parameter can be used to fine tune whether nonce verification should be done or not. The reason behind the optional check is because some of the header retrieval mechanisms already need to verify nonces, as well as because nonces can be verified sparsely, not needing to check each.

func (*BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain

func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain []types.Receipts) (int, error)

InsertReceiptChain attempts to complete an already existing header chain with transaction and receipt data. XXX should this be moved to the test?

func (*BlockChain) LastBlockHash

func (bc *BlockChain) LastBlockHash() common.Hash

LastBlockHash return the hash of the HEAD block.

func (*BlockChain) Processor

func (bc *BlockChain) Processor() Processor

Processor returns the current processor.

func (*BlockChain) Reset

func (bc *BlockChain) Reset() error

Reset purges the entire blockchain, restoring it to its genesis state.

func (*BlockChain) ResetWithGenesisBlock

func (bc *BlockChain) ResetWithGenesisBlock(genesis *types.Block) error

ResetWithGenesisBlock purges the entire blockchain, restoring it to the specified genesis state.

func (*BlockChain) Rollback

func (bc *BlockChain) Rollback(chain []common.Hash)

Rollback is designed to remove a chain of links from the database that aren't certain enough to be valid.

func (*BlockChain) SetHead

func (bc *BlockChain) SetHead(head uint64) error

SetHead rewinds the local chain to a new head. In the case of headers, everything above the new head will be deleted and the new one set. In the case of blocks though, the head may be further rewound if block bodies are missing (non-archive nodes after a fast sync).

func (*BlockChain) SetProcessor

func (bc *BlockChain) SetProcessor(processor Processor)

SetProcessor sets the processor required for making state modifications.

func (*BlockChain) SetValidator

func (bc *BlockChain) SetValidator(validator Validator)

SetValidator sets the validator which is used to validate incoming blocks.

func (*BlockChain) State

func (bc *BlockChain) State() (*state.StateDB, error)

State returns a new mutable state based on the current HEAD block.

func (*BlockChain) StateAt

func (bc *BlockChain) StateAt(root common.Hash) (*state.StateDB, error)

StateAt returns a new mutable state based on a particular point in time.

func (*BlockChain) Status

func (bc *BlockChain) Status() (td *big.Int, currentBlock common.Hash, genesisBlock common.Hash)

Status returns status information about the current chain such as the HEAD Td, the HEAD hash and the hash of the genesis block.

func (*BlockChain) Stop

func (bc *BlockChain) Stop()

Stop stops the blockchain service. If any imports are currently in progress it will abort them using the procInterrupt.

func (*BlockChain) Validator

func (bc *BlockChain) Validator() Validator

Validator returns the current validator.

func (*BlockChain) WriteBlock

func (bc *BlockChain) WriteBlock(block *types.Block) (status WriteStatus, err error)

WriteBlock writes the block to the chain.

type BlockGen

type BlockGen struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

BlockGen creates blocks for testing. See GenerateChain for a detailed explanation.

func (*BlockGen) AddTx

func (b *BlockGen) AddTx(tx *types.Transaction)

AddTx adds a transaction to the generated block. If no coinbase has been set, the block's coinbase is set to the zero address.

AddTx panics if the transaction cannot be executed. In addition to the protocol-imposed limitations (gas limit, etc.), there are some further limitations on the content of transactions that can be added. Notably, contract code relying on the BLOCKHASH instruction will panic during execution.

func (*BlockGen) AddUncheckedReceipt

func (b *BlockGen) AddUncheckedReceipt(receipt *types.Receipt)

AddUncheckedReceipt forcefully adds a receipts to the block without a backing transaction.

AddUncheckedReceipt will cause consensus failures when used during real chain processing. This is best used in conjunction with raw block insertion.

func (*BlockGen) AddUncle

func (b *BlockGen) AddUncle(h *types.Header)

AddUncle adds an uncle header to the generated block.

func (*BlockGen) Number

func (b *BlockGen) Number() *big.Int

Number returns the block number of the block being generated.

func (*BlockGen) OffsetTime

func (b *BlockGen) OffsetTime(seconds int64)

OffsetTime modifies the time instance of a block, implicitly changing its associated difficulty. It's useful to test scenarios where forking is not tied to chain length directly.

func (*BlockGen) PrevBlock

func (b *BlockGen) PrevBlock(index int) *types.Block

PrevBlock returns a previously generated block by number. It panics if num is greater or equal to the number of the block being generated. For index -1, PrevBlock returns the parent block given to GenerateChain.

func (*BlockGen) SetCoinbase

func (b *BlockGen) SetCoinbase(addr common.Address)

SetCoinbase sets the coinbase of the generated block. It can be called at most once.

func (*BlockGen) SetExtra

func (b *BlockGen) SetExtra(data []byte)

SetExtra sets the extra data field of the generated block.

func (*BlockGen) TxNonce

func (b *BlockGen) TxNonce(addr common.Address) uint64

TxNonce returns the next valid transaction nonce for the account at addr. It panics if the account does not exist.

type BlockValidator

type BlockValidator struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

BlockValidator is responsible for validating block headers, uncles and processed state.

BlockValidator implements Validator.

func NewBlockValidator

func NewBlockValidator(config *params.ChainConfig, blockchain *BlockChain, engine consensus.Engine) *BlockValidator

NewBlockValidator returns a new block validator which is safe for re-use

func (*BlockValidator) ValidateBody

func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateBody(block *types.Block) error

ValidateBody validates the given block's uncles and verifies the the block header's transaction and uncle roots. The headers are assumed to be already validated at this point.

func (*BlockValidator) ValidateState

func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateState(block, parent *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, receipts types.Receipts, usedGas *big.Int) error

ValidateState validates the various changes that happen after a state transition, such as amount of used gas, the receipt roots and the state root itself. ValidateState returns a database batch if the validation was a success otherwise nil and an error is returned.

type ChainContext

type ChainContext interface {
	// Engine retrieves the chain's consensus engine.
	Engine() consensus.Engine

	// GetHeader returns the hash corresponding to their hash.
	GetHeader(common.Hash, uint64) *types.Header
}

ChainContext supports retrieving headers and consensus parameters from the current blockchain to be used during transaction processing.

type ChainEvent

type ChainEvent struct {
	Block *types.Block
	Hash  common.Hash
	Logs  []*types.Log
}

type ChainHeadEvent

type ChainHeadEvent struct{ Block *types.Block }

type ChainSideEvent

type ChainSideEvent struct {
	Block *types.Block
}

type ChainUncleEvent

type ChainUncleEvent struct {
	Block *types.Block
}

type DeleteCallback

type DeleteCallback func(common.Hash, uint64)

DeleteCallback is a callback function that is called by SetHead before each header is deleted.

type GasPool

type GasPool big.Int

GasPool tracks the amount of gas available during execution of the transactions in a block. The zero value is a pool with zero gas available.

func (*GasPool) AddGas

func (gp *GasPool) AddGas(amount *big.Int) *GasPool

AddGas makes gas available for execution.

func (*GasPool) String

func (gp *GasPool) String() string

func (*GasPool) SubGas

func (gp *GasPool) SubGas(amount *big.Int) error

SubGas deducts the given amount from the pool if enough gas is available and returns an error otherwise.

type Genesis

type Genesis struct {
	Config     *params.ChainConfig `json:"config"`
	Nonce      uint64              `json:"nonce"`
	Timestamp  uint64              `json:"timestamp"`
	ParentHash common.Hash         `json:"parentHash"`
	ExtraData  []byte              `json:"extraData"`
	GasLimit   uint64              `json:"gasLimit"   gencodec:"required"`
	Difficulty *big.Int            `json:"difficulty" gencodec:"required"`
	Mixhash    common.Hash         `json:"mixHash"`
	Coinbase   common.Address      `json:"coinbase"`
	Alloc      GenesisAlloc        `json:"alloc"      gencodec:"required"`
}

Genesis specifies the header fields, state of a genesis block. It also defines hard fork switch-over blocks through the chain configuration.

func DefaultGenesisBlock

func DefaultGenesisBlock() *Genesis

DefaultGenesisBlock returns the Ethereum main net genesis block.

func DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock

func DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock() *Genesis

DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock returns the Rinkeby network genesis block.

func DefaultTestnetGenesisBlock

func DefaultTestnetGenesisBlock() *Genesis

DefaultTestnetGenesisBlock returns the Ropsten network genesis block.

func DevGenesisBlock

func DevGenesisBlock() *Genesis

DevGenesisBlock returns the 'geth --dev' genesis block.

func (*Genesis) Commit

func (g *Genesis) Commit(db ethdb.Database) (*types.Block, error)

Commit writes the block and state of a genesis specification to the database. The block is committed as the canonical head block.

func (Genesis) MarshalJSON

func (g Genesis) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error)

func (*Genesis) MustCommit

func (g *Genesis) MustCommit(db ethdb.Database) *types.Block

MustCommit writes the genesis block and state to db, panicking on error. The block is committed as the canonical head block.

func (*Genesis) ToBlock

func (g *Genesis) ToBlock() (*types.Block, *state.StateDB)

ToBlock creates the block and state of a genesis specification.

func (*Genesis) UnmarshalJSON

func (g *Genesis) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error

type GenesisAccount

type GenesisAccount struct {
	Code    []byte                      `json:"code,omitempty"`
	Storage map[common.Hash]common.Hash `json:"storage,omitempty"`
	Balance *big.Int                    `json:"balance" gencodec:"required"`
	Nonce   uint64                      `json:"nonce,omitempty"`
}

GenesisAccount is an account in the state of the genesis block.

func (GenesisAccount) MarshalJSON

func (g GenesisAccount) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error)

func (*GenesisAccount) UnmarshalJSON

func (g *GenesisAccount) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error

type GenesisAlloc

type GenesisAlloc map[common.Address]GenesisAccount

GenesisAlloc specifies the initial state that is part of the genesis block.

type GenesisMismatchError

type GenesisMismatchError struct {
	Stored, New common.Hash
}

GenesisMismatchError is raised when trying to overwrite an existing genesis block with an incompatible one.

func (*GenesisMismatchError) Error

func (e *GenesisMismatchError) Error() string

type HeaderChain

type HeaderChain struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

HeaderChain implements the basic block header chain logic that is shared by core.BlockChain and light.LightChain. It is not usable in itself, only as a part of either structure. It is not thread safe either, the encapsulating chain structures should do the necessary mutex locking/unlocking.

func NewHeaderChain

func NewHeaderChain(chainDb ethdb.Database, config *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, procInterrupt func() bool) (*HeaderChain, error)

NewHeaderChain creates a new HeaderChain structure.

getValidator should return the parent's validator
procInterrupt points to the parent's interrupt semaphore
wg points to the parent's shutdown wait group

func (*HeaderChain) Config

func (hc *HeaderChain) Config() *params.ChainConfig

Config retrieves the header chain's chain configuration.

func (*HeaderChain) CurrentHeader

func (hc *HeaderChain) CurrentHeader() *types.Header

CurrentHeader retrieves the current head header of the canonical chain. The header is retrieved from the HeaderChain's internal cache.

func (*HeaderChain) Engine

func (hc *HeaderChain) Engine() consensus.Engine

Engine retrieves the header chain's consensus engine.

func (*HeaderChain) GetBlock

func (hc *HeaderChain) GetBlock(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Block

GetBlock implements consensus.ChainReader, and returns nil for every input as a header chain does not have blocks available for retrieval.

func (*HeaderChain) GetBlockHashesFromHash

func (hc *HeaderChain) GetBlockHashesFromHash(hash common.Hash, max uint64) []common.Hash

GetBlockHashesFromHash retrieves a number of block hashes starting at a given hash, fetching towards the genesis block.

func (*HeaderChain) GetBlockNumber

func (hc *HeaderChain) GetBlockNumber(hash common.Hash) uint64

GetBlockNumber retrieves the block number belonging to the given hash from the cache or database

func (*HeaderChain) GetHeader

func (hc *HeaderChain) GetHeader(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Header

GetHeader retrieves a block header from the database by hash and number, caching it if found.

func (*HeaderChain) GetHeaderByHash

func (hc *HeaderChain) GetHeaderByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Header

GetHeaderByHash retrieves a block header from the database by hash, caching it if found.

func (*HeaderChain) GetHeaderByNumber

func (hc *HeaderChain) GetHeaderByNumber(number uint64) *types.Header

GetHeaderByNumber retrieves a block header from the database by number, caching it (associated with its hash) if found.

func (*HeaderChain) GetTd

func (hc *HeaderChain) GetTd(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *big.Int

GetTd retrieves a block's total difficulty in the canonical chain from the database by hash and number, caching it if found.

func (*HeaderChain) GetTdByHash

func (hc *HeaderChain) GetTdByHash(hash common.Hash) *big.Int

GetTdByHash retrieves a block's total difficulty in the canonical chain from the database by hash, caching it if found.

func (*HeaderChain) HasHeader

func (hc *HeaderChain) HasHeader(hash common.Hash) bool

HasHeader checks if a block header is present in the database or not, caching it if present.

func (*HeaderChain) InsertHeaderChain

func (hc *HeaderChain) InsertHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header, writeHeader WhCallback, start time.Time) (int, error)

InsertHeaderChain attempts to insert the given header chain in to the local chain, possibly creating a reorg. If an error is returned, it will return the index number of the failing header as well an error describing what went wrong.

The verify parameter can be used to fine tune whether nonce verification should be done or not. The reason behind the optional check is because some of the header retrieval mechanisms already need to verfy nonces, as well as because nonces can be verified sparsely, not needing to check each.

func (*HeaderChain) SetCurrentHeader

func (hc *HeaderChain) SetCurrentHeader(head *types.Header)

SetCurrentHeader sets the current head header of the canonical chain.

func (*HeaderChain) SetGenesis

func (hc *HeaderChain) SetGenesis(head *types.Header)

SetGenesis sets a new genesis block header for the chain

func (*HeaderChain) SetHead

func (hc *HeaderChain) SetHead(head uint64, delFn DeleteCallback)

SetHead rewinds the local chain to a new head. Everything above the new head will be deleted and the new one set.

func (*HeaderChain) ValidateHeaderChain

func (hc *HeaderChain) ValidateHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header, checkFreq int) (int, error)

func (*HeaderChain) WriteHeader

func (hc *HeaderChain) WriteHeader(header *types.Header) (status WriteStatus, err error)

WriteHeader writes a header into the local chain, given that its parent is already known. If the total difficulty of the newly inserted header becomes greater than the current known TD, the canonical chain is re-routed.

Note: This method is not concurrent-safe with inserting blocks simultaneously into the chain, as side effects caused by reorganisations cannot be emulated without the real blocks. Hence, writing headers directly should only be done in two scenarios: pure-header mode of operation (light clients), or properly separated header/block phases (non-archive clients).

func (*HeaderChain) WriteTd

func (hc *HeaderChain) WriteTd(hash common.Hash, number uint64, td *big.Int) error

WriteTd stores a block's total difficulty into the database, also caching it along the way.

type Message

type Message interface {
	From() common.Address
	//FromFrontier() (common.Address, error)
	To() *common.Address

	GasPrice() *big.Int
	Gas() *big.Int
	Value() *big.Int

	Nonce() uint64
	CheckNonce() bool
	Data() []byte
}

Message represents a message sent to a contract.

type NewMinedBlockEvent

type NewMinedBlockEvent struct{ Block *types.Block }

NewMinedBlockEvent is posted when a block has been imported.

type PendingBlockEvent

type PendingBlockEvent struct {
	Block *types.Block
	Logs  []*types.Log
}

type PendingLogsEvent

type PendingLogsEvent struct {
	Logs []*types.Log
}

PendingLogsEvent is posted pre mining and notifies of pending logs.

type PendingStateEvent

type PendingStateEvent struct{}

PendingStateEvent is posted pre mining and notifies of pending state changes.

type Processor

type Processor interface {
	Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config) (types.Receipts, []*types.Log, *big.Int, error)
}

Processor is an interface for processing blocks using a given initial state.

Process takes the block to be processed and the statedb upon which the initial state is based. It should return the receipts generated, amount of gas used in the process and return an error if any of the internal rules failed.

type RemovedLogsEvent

type RemovedLogsEvent struct{ Logs []*types.Log }

RemovedLogsEvent is posted when a reorg happens

type RemovedTransactionEvent

type RemovedTransactionEvent struct{ Txs types.Transactions }

RemovedTransactionEvent is posted when a reorg happens

type StartMining

type StartMining struct{}

Mining operation events

type StateProcessor

type StateProcessor struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

StateProcessor is a basic Processor, which takes care of transitioning state from one point to another.

StateProcessor implements Processor.

func NewStateProcessor

func NewStateProcessor(config *params.ChainConfig, bc *BlockChain, engine consensus.Engine) *StateProcessor

NewStateProcessor initialises a new StateProcessor.

func (*StateProcessor) Process

func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config) (types.Receipts, []*types.Log, *big.Int, error)

Process processes the state changes according to the Ethereum rules by running the transaction messages using the statedb and applying any rewards to both the processor (coinbase) and any included uncles.

Process returns the receipts and logs accumulated during the process and returns the amount of gas that was used in the process. If any of the transactions failed to execute due to insufficient gas it will return an error.

type StateTransition

type StateTransition struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

The State Transitioning Model

A state transition is a change made when a transaction is applied to the current world state The state transitioning model does all all the necessary work to work out a valid new state root.

1) Nonce handling 2) Pre pay gas 3) Create a new state object if the recipient is \0*32 4) Value transfer == If contract creation ==

4a) Attempt to run transaction data
4b) If valid, use result as code for the new state object

== end == 5) Run Script section 6) Derive new state root

func NewStateTransition

func NewStateTransition(evm *vm.EVM, msg Message, gp *GasPool) *StateTransition

NewStateTransition initialises and returns a new state transition object.

func (*StateTransition) TransitionDb

func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (ret []byte, requiredGas, usedGas *big.Int, err error)

TransitionDb will transition the state by applying the current message and returning the result including the required gas for the operation as well as the used gas. It returns an error if it failed. An error indicates a consensus issue.

type TopMining

type TopMining struct{}

type TxPool

type TxPool struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

TxPool contains all currently known transactions. Transactions enter the pool when they are received from the network or submitted locally. They exit the pool when they are included in the blockchain.

The pool separates processable transactions (which can be applied to the current state) and future transactions. Transactions move between those two states over time as they are received and processed.

func NewTxPool

func NewTxPool(config TxPoolConfig, chainconfig *params.ChainConfig, eventMux *event.TypeMux, currentStateFn stateFn, gasLimitFn func() *big.Int) *TxPool

NewTxPool creates a new transaction pool to gather, sort and filter inbound trnsactions from the network.

func (*TxPool) Add

func (pool *TxPool) Add(tx *types.Transaction) error

Add queues a single transaction in the pool if it is valid.

func (*TxPool) AddBatch

func (pool *TxPool) AddBatch(txs []*types.Transaction) error

AddBatch attempts to queue a batch of transactions.

func (*TxPool) Content

func (pool *TxPool) Content() (map[common.Address]types.Transactions, map[common.Address]types.Transactions)

Content retrieves the data content of the transaction pool, returning all the pending as well as queued transactions, grouped by account and sorted by nonce.

func (*TxPool) GasPrice

func (pool *TxPool) GasPrice() *big.Int

GasPrice returns the current gas price enforced by the transaction pool.

func (*TxPool) Get

func (pool *TxPool) Get(hash common.Hash) *types.Transaction

Get returns a transaction if it is contained in the pool and nil otherwise.

func (*TxPool) Pending

func (pool *TxPool) Pending() (map[common.Address]types.Transactions, error)

Pending retrieves all currently processable transactions, groupped by origin account and sorted by nonce. The returned transaction set is a copy and can be freely modified by calling code.

func (*TxPool) Remove

func (pool *TxPool) Remove(hash common.Hash)

Remove removes the transaction with the given hash from the pool.

func (*TxPool) RemoveBatch

func (pool *TxPool) RemoveBatch(txs types.Transactions)

RemoveBatch removes all given transactions from the pool.

func (*TxPool) SetGasPrice

func (pool *TxPool) SetGasPrice(price *big.Int)

SetGasPrice updates the minimum price required by the transaction pool for a new transaction, and drops all transactions below this threshold.

func (*TxPool) SetLocal

func (pool *TxPool) SetLocal(tx *types.Transaction)

SetLocal marks a transaction as local, skipping gas price

check against local miner minimum in the future

func (*TxPool) State

func (pool *TxPool) State() *state.ManagedState

State returns the virtual managed state of the transaction pool.

func (*TxPool) Stats

func (pool *TxPool) Stats() (int, int)

Stats retrieves the current pool stats, namely the number of pending and the number of queued (non-executable) transactions.

func (*TxPool) Stop

func (pool *TxPool) Stop()

Stop terminates the transaction pool.

type TxPoolConfig

type TxPoolConfig struct {
	PriceLimit uint64 // Minimum gas price to enforce for acceptance into the pool
	PriceBump  uint64 // Minimum price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction (nonce)

	AccountSlots uint64 // Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account
	GlobalSlots  uint64 // Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts
	AccountQueue uint64 // Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account
	GlobalQueue  uint64 // Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts

	Lifetime time.Duration // Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued
}

TxPoolConfig are the configuration parameters of the transaction pool.

type TxPostEvent

type TxPostEvent struct{ Tx *types.Transaction }

TxPostEvent is posted when a transaction has been processed.

type TxPreEvent

type TxPreEvent struct{ Tx *types.Transaction }

TxPreEvent is posted when a transaction enters the transaction pool.

type Validator

type Validator interface {
	// ValidateBody validates the given block's content.
	ValidateBody(block *types.Block) error

	// ValidateState validates the given statedb and optionally the receipts and
	// gas used.
	ValidateState(block, parent *types.Block, state *state.StateDB, receipts types.Receipts, usedGas *big.Int) error
}

Validator is an interface which defines the standard for block validation. It is only responsible for validating block contents, as the header validation is done by the specific consensus engines.

type WhCallback

type WhCallback func(*types.Header) error

WhCallback is a callback function for inserting individual headers. A callback is used for two reasons: first, in a LightChain, status should be processed and light chain events sent, while in a BlockChain this is not necessary since chain events are sent after inserting blocks. Second, the header writes should be protected by the parent chain mutex individually.

type WriteStatus

type WriteStatus byte

WriteStatus status of write

const (
	NonStatTy WriteStatus = iota
	CanonStatTy
	SideStatTy
)

Directories

Path Synopsis
Provides support for dealing with EVM assembly instructions (e.g., disassembling them).
Provides support for dealing with EVM assembly instructions (e.g., disassembling them).
Package state provides a caching layer atop the Ethereum state trie.
Package state provides a caching layer atop the Ethereum state trie.
Package types contains data types related to Ethereum consensus.
Package types contains data types related to Ethereum consensus.
vm
Package vm implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine.
Package vm implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine.
runtime
Package runtime provides a basic execution model for executing EVM code.
Package runtime provides a basic execution model for executing EVM code.

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