tollbooth

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Published: Jul 23, 2019 License: MIT Imports: 7 Imported by: 0

README

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Tollbooth

This is a generic middleware to rate-limit HTTP requests.

NOTE 1: This library is considered finished.

NOTE 2: Major version changes are backward-incompatible. v2.0.0 streamlines the ugliness of the old API.

Versions

v1.0.0: This version maintains the old API but all of the thirdparty modules are moved to their own repo.

v2.x.x: Brand new API for the sake of code cleanup, thread safety, & auto-expiring data structures.

v3.x.x: Apparently we have been using golang.org/x/time/rate incorrectly. See issue #48. It always limit X number per 1 second. The time duration is not changeable, so it does not make sense to pass TTL to tollbooth.

Five Minute Tutorial

package main

import (
    "github.com/didip/tollbooth"
    "net/http"
    "time"
)

func HelloHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    w.Write([]byte("Hello, World!"))
}

func main() {
    // Create a request limiter per handler.
    http.Handle("/", tollbooth.LimitFuncHandler(tollbooth.NewLimiter(1, nil), HelloHandler))
    http.ListenAndServe(":12345", nil)
}

Features

  1. Rate-limit by request's remote IP, path, methods, custom headers, & basic auth usernames.

    import (
        "time"
        "github.com/didip/tollbooth/limiter"
    )
    
    lmt := tollbooth.NewLimiter(1, nil)
    
    // or create a limiter with expirable token buckets
    // This setting means:
    // create a 1 request/second limiter and
    // every token bucket in it will expire 1 hour after it was initially set.
    lmt = tollbooth.NewLimiter(1, &limiter.ExpirableOptions{DefaultExpirationTTL: time.Hour})
    
    // Configure list of places to look for IP address.
    // By default it's: "RemoteAddr", "X-Forwarded-For", "X-Real-IP"
    // If your application is behind a proxy, set "X-Forwarded-For" first.
    lmt.SetIPLookups([]string{"RemoteAddr", "X-Forwarded-For", "X-Real-IP"})
    
    // Limit only GET and POST requests.
    lmt.SetMethods([]string{"GET", "POST"})
    
    // Limit based on basic auth usernames.
    // You add them on-load, or later as you handle requests.
    lmt.SetBasicAuthUsers([]string{"bob", "jane", "didip", "vip"})
    // You can remove them later as well.
    lmt.RemoveBasicAuthUsers([]string{"vip"})
    
    // Limit request headers containing certain values.
    // You add them on-load, or later as you handle requests.
    lmt.SetHeader("X-Access-Token", []string{"abc123", "xyz098"})
    // You can remove all entries at once.
    lmt.RemoveHeader("X-Access-Token")
    // Or remove specific ones.
    lmt.RemoveHeaderEntries("X-Access-Token", []string{"limitless-token"})
    
    // By the way, the setters are chainable. Example:
    lmt.SetIPLookups([]string{"RemoteAddr", "X-Forwarded-For", "X-Real-IP"}).
        SetMethods([]string{"GET", "POST"}).
        SetBasicAuthUsers([]string{"sansa"}).
        SetBasicAuthUsers([]string{"tyrion"})
    
  2. Compose your own middleware by using LimitByKeys().

  3. Header entries and basic auth users can expire over time (to conserve memory).

    import "time"
    
    lmt := tollbooth.NewLimiter(1, nil)
    
    // Set a custom expiration TTL for token bucket.
    lmt.SetTokenBucketExpirationTTL(time.Hour)
    
    // Set a custom expiration TTL for basic auth users.
    lmt.SetBasicAuthExpirationTTL(time.Hour)
    
    // Set a custom expiration TTL for header entries.
    lmt.SetHeaderEntryExpirationTTL(time.Hour)
    
  4. Upon rejection, the following HTTP response headers are available to users:

    • X-Rate-Limit-Limit The maximum request limit.

    • X-Rate-Limit-Duration The rate-limiter duration.

    • X-Rate-Limit-Request-Forwarded-For The rejected request X-Forwarded-For.

    • X-Rate-Limit-Request-Remote-Addr The rejected request RemoteAddr.

  5. Customize your own message or function when limit is reached.

    lmt := tollbooth.NewLimiter(1, nil)
    
    // Set a custom message.
    lmt.SetMessage("You have reached maximum request limit.")
    
    // Set a custom content-type.
    lmt.SetMessageContentType("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
    
    // Set a custom function for rejection.
    lmt.SetOnLimitReached(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { fmt.Println("A request was rejected") })
    
  6. Tollbooth does not require external storage since it uses an algorithm called Token Bucket (Go library: golang.org/x/time/rate).

Other Web Frameworks

Sometimes, other frameworks require a little bit of shim to use Tollbooth. These shims below are contributed by the community, so I make no promises on how well they work. The one I am familiar with are: Chi, Gin, and Negroni.

My other Go libraries

  • Stopwatch: A small library to measure latency of things. Useful if you want to report latency data to Graphite.

  • LaborUnion: A dynamic worker pool library.

  • Gomet: Simple HTTP client & server long poll library for Go. Useful for receiving live updates without needing Websocket.

Documentation

Overview

Package tollbooth provides rate-limiting logic to HTTP request handler.

Index

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

This section is empty.

Functions

func BuildKeys

func BuildKeys(lmt *limiter.Limiter, r *http.Request) [][]string

BuildKeys generates a slice of keys to rate-limit by given limiter and request structs.

func LimitByKeys

func LimitByKeys(lmt *limiter.Limiter, keys []string) *errors.HTTPError

LimitByKeys keeps track number of request made by keys separated by pipe. It returns HTTPError when limit is exceeded.

func LimitByRequest

func LimitByRequest(lmt *limiter.Limiter, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *errors.HTTPError

LimitByRequest builds keys based on http.Request struct, loops through all the keys, and check if any one of them returns HTTPError.

func LimitFuncHandler

func LimitFuncHandler(lmt *limiter.Limiter, nextFunc func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)) http.Handler

LimitFuncHandler is a middleware that performs rate-limiting given request handler function.

func LimitHandler

func LimitHandler(lmt *limiter.Limiter, next http.Handler) http.Handler

LimitHandler is a middleware that performs rate-limiting given http.Handler struct.

func NewLimiter

func NewLimiter(max float64, tbOptions *limiter.ExpirableOptions) *limiter.Limiter

NewLimiter is a convenience function to limiter.New.

Types

This section is empty.

Directories

Path Synopsis
Package errors provide data structure for errors.
Package errors provide data structure for errors.
Package libstring provides various string related functions.
Package libstring provides various string related functions.
Package limiter provides data structure to configure rate-limiter.
Package limiter provides data structure to configure rate-limiter.

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